The Anti-Apartheid Movement Abroad by Max Rossiter
… Introduction of Institutional Violence to the Struggle In 1961, the banned SACP, alongside the ANC, decided to start … Sizwe, or ‘Spear of the Nation’. For example, in June of 1961, the National Executive Committee debated the question … he was tried in Cape Town Supreme court, and sentenced to 12 years for distributing pamphlets. He was meant to spend 12 …