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ArticleThe Nile river and its influence on settlement
‘Not only is the Egyptian climate peculiar to that country, and the Nile different in the way it behaves from rivers elsewhere, but the manners and customs of…
EventUN report accuses Katangan President and Congo President of conspiracy to murder Patrice Lumumba
On 14 November 1961 Katangan President, Moise Tshombe, and Congo President, Joseph Kasavubu, were accused of conspiracy to murder ex-premier Patrice Lumumba in…
EventMinister announces compulsory education for Black children
The minister of (Black) education and training, Dr Ferdinand Hartzenberg, announced that compulsory education for Black children would be introduced in stages,…
EventPresident F.W. de Klerk announces withdrawal of Internal Stability Units (ISU)
On 1 February 1994 President F.W. de Klerk announced the withdrawal of the Internal Stability Units (ISU) from the East Rand townships of Kathlehong and…
EventMorgan Tsvangirai becomes Prime Minister of Zimbabwe
Morgan Tsvangirai was sworn in as Prime Minister of Zimbabwe on 11 February 2009 as part of what was known as The Unity Government, in partnership with Robert…
PlaceMaphikela House
In 1912, prominent black leaders gathered here and forged the foundations of what would eventually become the ruling party of the country. The house was…
Memorandum by Ben Turok before the ANC`s Morogoro Conference and a "Reply" by Joe Matthews, 5 April 1969, Morogoro
The present discussion will be based largely on experiences in Dar es Salaam and on information obtained from other comrades from time to time. . . . WHAT…
AAM and UN: partners in the international campaign against apartheid
I think of the 'anti-apartheid movement' as a coalition of anti-apartheid organisations and individuals, as well as a growing number of governments, which in…
Legislation, Dissent, and Violence in Sophiatown under Apartheid
AbstractThis article traces the major segregation laws in South Africa that acted as precedent for the 1954 Native Resettlement Act. This apartheid law…
ArticleWhat has been the impact of the democratic transformation on the position of women within South African society? by Lucy Doyle
AbstractThrough the efforts of a dominant women’s movement in apartheid, the democratic transition in South Africa has enshrined gender equality within the…
Community histories of Rustenburg
Afrikaans Community (1838-1899) The First White Inhabitants It is documented that the first pioneers from the Eastern Cape undertook a hunting expedition…
Biography of Mtutuzeli Dudu Pukwana by Nick Mencia
Abstract: Mtutuzeli Dudu Pukwana was a South African jazz pianist and alto saxophonist from Port Elizabeth. Due to rising political oppression imposed by the…
Mission Stations - M
MAASDORP, Stockenstrom, Cape: UC. Believed to have acted as an outstation only. MABAALSTAD, also known as EMMAUS, Transvaal: HM 1868 MABETSHA, Ngqeleni,…
Chapter 3: The Pitfalls of National Consciousness by Frantz Fanon, 1961
HISTORY teaches us clearly that the battle against colonialism does not run straight away along the lines of nationalism. For a very long time the native…
4. The ANC underground between Rivonia and 1976
The accepted view of black, and especially African, politics after the Rivonia Trial, held by historians and other scholars of South African resistance, is…
XIII - The Courts
From the book: No.46 - Steve Biko by Hilda Bernstein, 1978, South Africa In any society where courts exist they tend to play a significant role in the system…
Chapter 4 - ‘SASO on the Attack’ : Organisation, Mobilisation and Collective Action
I now turn to examine select aspects of SASO's organisation and its activities related to student and popular mobilisation and collective action. However,…
ArticleA History of Lückhoff High School, 1932-1969
Introduction Lückhoff High School was established in 1935, as the first secondary school for the town’s ‘Coloured’ population of Stellenbosch. To date no…
ArticleThe Roots of Apartheid in the Construction of Buchuberg Dam
At the start of the 20th century South Africa faced a poor white epidemic. The state justified Apartheid as an "anti-poverty program for whites".[1] This poor…
Johnny Gomas Voice of the working class: A political Biography by Doreen Musson
The increasing politicization of the oppressed and exploited masses of South Africa/Azania demands the constant re-writing and re-assessment of the past. New…
Remember Khwezi beyond the Zuma rape trial, says Marianne Thamm (Cape Talk) , 10 October 2016
Fezekile Ntsukela Kuzwayo (known to many as Khwezi) has left a legacy behind for young female activists to continue, says the Daily Maverick's Marianne Thamm. …
EventSA troops invade East Africa in their confrontation with German forces in World War I
Britain had fought the Boer settlers in South Africa in the Anglo-Boer wars (1880-1, 1899-1902), so in 1914 many Afrikaaners sympathised with Germany. While…
”On the Organisations of the African People”, from I. B. Tabata to Nelson Mandela, June 16, 1948
80 Harrington Street, Cape Town. 16th June, 1948 My dear Mandela, Now to the discussion on the question of organisation, which is every day assuming greater…
Equal Rights: The treatment of Coloured People in the North, 1901
Equal Rights: The treatment of Coloured People in the North, 1901 1 Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen It is by no means a pleasant duty that we are performing…
Say It out Loud - Equal Rights: The treatment of Coloured People in the North, 1901
From the book: Say It out Loud by Mohamed Adhikari Equal Rights: The treatment of Coloured People in the North, 1901 1 Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen It is by…
Freedom In Our Life Time - African Nationalism
From the book: Freedom In Our Life Time by Anton Muziwakhe Lembede 14. "africanism," T.A.S.A. [Transvaal African Students' Association] Bulletin, 1, 2. (July…
ArticleSouth Africa in the 1970s
During the early 1960s, civil society was disempowered and social movements were repressed. Although the capacity for social movements to impose change…
The defiance campaign by M. P. Naicker
INTRODUCTION This year, June 26, will mark the twentieth anniversary of the beginning of the "Campaign of Defiance of Unjust Laws," launched jointly by the…
3. The Communist Party of South Africa and the Communist International
The CPSA had a difficult balancing act in broadening its appeal to Africans while remaining faithful to working class struggles and solidarity. 48Although many…
Hendrik Verwoerd’s response to the ‘Winds of Change’ speech
Made to the South Africa Parliament on 3 February 1960: The tendency in Africa for nations to become independent, and at the same time to do justice to all,…