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… In 1913 the Police Bill and Defence Bill were both enacted … Resistance campaign erupted on the Witwatersrand and in Natal (kwaZulu Natal). The police force was still being … negotiations broke down, around 19 000 miners took part in mass action that turned violent on 5 July 1913 as it …

… Thabakgone Mamabolo, Pietersburg district (now Polokwane in Limpopo). Joseph was the fifth and favourate son of … and his advocate as his successor just before he died in 1972.  After his father's death, Joseph claimed leadership … his brother Edward. As result of the strife, the ZCC split in two, each brother leading a branch with the Dove and the …

… a lawyer working for the African National Congress  (ANC) in the 1990s. He and former police Captain Dirk Coetzee had … commander of the unit before he left the police force. In 1989, Coetzee exposed the existence of the unit he once … disguised as coming from Mlangeni failed to reach Coetzee in Zambia, it was sent back to “sender” (Mlangeni’s office). …

… van Riebeeck  died on 18 January 1677 at the age of 57 in Batavia, now Jakarta, Indonesia, in the former Dutch East Indies. He landed at the Cape in April 1652 to establish a refreshment station for ships …

… achieved official city status. The city was established in 1855 by Marthinus Pretorius, a leader of the Voortrekkers … a hero of the Voortrekkers after he defeated the Zulus in the Battle of Blood River . The city became the … Capital of the Union of South Africa which was constituted in 1910 with the merger of the Transvaal Colony (former Boer …

… Former South African High Commissioner in London, political activist and Chief Executive Officer of Tourism South Africa, Cheryl Carolus, was born in Silvertown on the Cape Flats. At school, Carolus was an … the founding members of the United Democratic Front (UDF) in 1983 and served as the General Secretary of the Federation …

… League of Nations, the world body formed after World War 1 in 1919, afforded South Africa a mandate to govern South-West … the well-being and development of the inhabitants. In 1946, the Legislative Assembly of South-West Africa in Windhoek requested unanimously to be incorporated into the …

… Democratic Union of Southern Africa (APDUSA), held in Cape Town in April 1962. Items in the Address included the Ten Point Programme for the …

… Barbie Schreiner Just before my five years was finished in 1969, they took me to Pretoria jail. At that time they … thought I was a trouble maker, and I would be less trouble in a place which I don't know and the people don't know me. … Tswana-speaking.' So they told me, 'you are going to stay in Pretoria; you've got to find a place here in Pretoria. …

… This imposing dwelling was designed and erected in 1882 by well-known architects Robert Sellers Upton and Philip Dudgeon. A billiard room was added in 1898. The building is probably the best surviving example of a late Colonial Victorian building in Natal. It was declared a National Monument under old NMC …

… Max Elliot Sisulu, charged with 2 counts of sabotage, in the Supreme Court of South Africa, before the Honourable Judge President Mr Justice De Wet, in the matter of the State vs Mandela and others, held in Pretoria, South Africa. The trial became known as the …

… is concerned with the development of racial co-operation in the South African resistance movement in the years between 1945-1960. It focusses in particular on the emergence of a white opposition to …

… Yellow and blue poster. Title in red letters. Inscription on the walls of a cell in women's prison in South Vietnam: "The mountain is only so high...our …

… firm of WM Cuthbert & Co, shoe merchants, was established in 1882. Their Johannesburg building was designed by architects Stucke & Bannister and was completed in 1904. It rapidly became a major landmark in the mining town and retains many of its Victorian details. …

… KaNgwane was the Homeland of the Swazi people living in South Africa. It was situated along the border with Swaziland , and its capital was at Louieville. In 1984, it was granted self-governance. In 1994 it was reintegrated into South Africa, like the other …

… Ephraim Matsilele “Jomo” Sono was born in Orlando East in Soweto. Sono was brought up by his grandparents after his … abandoned him. He was forced to work from a young age in order to help support the family. He began selling apples …

… Bavumile Herbert Vilakazi was born on 12 June 1955 in Evaton, the fifth son of a family of five boys, his politisation began at an early age he was living in Sharpville at the time of the Sharpville shooting in 1960 and his family was forced to move to Residensia …

… government response to the United Democratic Front, both in words and in action, security forces maintain their presence in the townships, draconian laws still exists and government …

… a selected few people and even these not as frequently as in normal social relations, photographs become very … of grandchildren. They come with their mothers as infants in arms, and as toddlers, and then for fourteen years he cannot see them. He keeps in touch through photographs. Winnie Mandela breaks her …

… the Union) and shall have jurisdic­tion over its members in Natal, Zululand and such Branches as may be formed and estab­lished in other parts of Africa. In it alone is vested authority to establish Branches and …

… 1960, the "electorate" of the Union of South Africa voted in favour of a Republic by a majority of 70,000 votes. In this referendum held to decide the basic structure of the … at making Africans "hewers of wood and drawers of water" in the land of their birth. The South African Government will …

… suitable for defensive purposes upon the said river, or in lieu of the said steamboat, should I so elect, to pay to … Mashonaland, and other adjoining territories, in exercise of my sovereign powers, and in the presence and with the consent of my council of  …

… and the Rissik Street Post Office is one of them. Built in 1897, it’s among the city’s oldest surviving buildings and was named a national monument in 1978. At one point, it was Johannesburg’s tallest … Office for a term of 99 years, but once the lease ended in 1996, the building fell prey to vandalism and was gutted …

… from the foreshore to the foot of Government Avenue . In 1850, its name was changed to Adderley Street in honour of Charles B Adderley, a British member of … to St George’s Mall. It starts at the Foreshore and ends in Government Avenue, an oak-tree lined street, running along …

… Hieronimus Cruse, -who first crossed it from East to West in 1667 after he had gone by sea to Mossel Bay . Cruse found … of the coast by the Netherlanders the Portuguese had, in the Martellus map of 1489, indicated a river roughly where … is. On the map it appears as Rio della Vache, which in Portuguese is 'Rio das Vaccas' (the river of the cows). It …

… encroachment upon the oppressed African people, expressed in the anti-native laws passed during the recent session. It … movements, the imposition of poverty and illiteracy slums in the filthiest of surroundings, eating at delicate … These can be got by organising. To unite the Native people in a struggle for economic uplift and political rights must …

… New International. Com Kahn reported on the Spartacus Club in the absence of the Secretary, Com Freislich. The next … Himself and Com Dladla after attending this meeting in the morning would attend the Spartacus Club meeting at Orlando in the afternoon. Com Kahn reported that a meeting of the …

… the legendary Double Falls and Cathedral Rock. Mbotyi in Pondoland, on the Eastern Cape coastline, were is still wild! Situated in a wilderness area at the mouth of the Mbotyi River it is … drink from the lagoon while bathers enjoy themselves in the nearby surf. Time has stood still at Mbotyi, little …

… In October 1997, the soldiers broke into an arms depot, … 9 A.M., a military commander announced on another station in the complex that the coup had been quelled. and a state of … faced numerous corruption charges after he left office in 2002.  During his treason trial in 2002, Lungu (Captain …