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… Class Cities. It follows their daily struggles, trials and triumphant moments, as they try to shape the cities they … in, from the bottom up.  Exploring the parallels, history and effects of our current urban environment, "Not in my … urban processes such as Gentrification, Spatial Violence and the legacy of Architectural Apartheid in São Paulo, Cape …

… known as the Eureka Diamond was discovered by a young boy and his little sister as they played in their family farm … play with. A man named Schalk van Niekerk visited the farm and, suspecting the rock might be a diamond, offered to buy … it to him instead. Van Niekerk got the diamond verified and sold it for £ 500. The diamond made its way to Britain …

… the Security Police, was greeted with astonishment and anger. On 05 February 1982, Aggett, Transvaal organiser of the Food and Canning Workers Union and African Food and Canning Workers Union, allegedly … O’Malley P. ‘1982’ , from Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory and Dialog , [online], available at www.nelsonmandela.org.za …

… take him to several places throughout the Middle East and North and West Africa. It would be 24 years before his return to Morocco and 29 years before he completed his travels. Sadly, Battuta … Fordham, " Medieval Sourcebook:Ibn Battuta: Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354 ",From: Fordham , [online] Available at: …

… under the direct control of the Department of Cooperation and Development. This was despite the opposition of the great … to Swaziland. On 25 November, the Minister of Development and Cooperation, Dr. Piet Koornhof announced the withdrawal … in June 1981. Kangwane was created in 1977 as AmaSwazi, and was to be transferred to Swaziland. Later the attempt to …

… School in 1904. By 1907, the college had 29 students and ten lecturers and in 1910 the college was declared an official educational institution in Arts and Sciences. In 2001, the University was renamed the …

… but dropped out after two years. He returned to Natal and joined the African National Congress (ANC) in 1949 and became secretary of the Natal branch. Gumede was very … to the Congress of the People in Kliptown in 1955 and in the campaigns against the extension of pass laws to …

… political issue in South Africa in the late 19th century and first part of the 20th century. The issue of 'poor … Cradock (1916), Bloemfontein (1923), Pretoria (1930), and another in Bloemfontein (1933). However, the first … The congress was organised by the Dutch Reformed Church and was the first congress specifically dedicated to solving …

… 15 January 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. Martin Luther shaped and articulated the message of the American civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. King led blacks in the Montgomery bus boycott of … by the arrest of Rosa Parks. Parks boarded a city bus and refused to give up her seat for a white person. The bus …

… known as the Italo-Ethiopian Treaty of Friendship and Arbitration, Italy agreed to upholding lasting friendly … Red Sea port of Asseb (in the Italian colony of Eritrea) and called for the two nations to jointly build a road between Asseb and Dessie.It was on account of the Italo-Ethiopian Treaty of …

… facilities would be constructed at South Africa's expense and would provide the official residence for the president of the PAP and extend diplomatic privileges and immunities to all the PAP's foreign staff members and …

… Yousef, who is known by many aliases, was born in Kuwait and is of Pakistani descent. Yousef was later suspected to be … later arrested by Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence and the U.S Diplomatic Security Service in 1995, and was extradited to the United States. On 5 August 1997, …

… point of view. Other ideologies such as Marxism and Socialism are also discussed. Profiles of prominent South … included as are articles on Party history, trade unionism and workers' rights. Resistance issues are dealt with on an educational and practical level such as what to do if arrested and how to …

… John Davidson Rockerfeller was an industrialist and a philanthropist who founded the Standard American Oil … family is one of the richest families in the world and are said to be wealthier than some countries. On 9 April … spending millions towards Universities, Health care and Schools in the US and across the globe. …

… had circulated the Pound sterling, the Rhodesian Dollar and the South African Rand at different stages. The Kwacha is … Tambala. The word kwacha means “dawn” in the Nyanja and Bemba languages and Tambala means “rooster”. Since its introduction, notes of …

… 13 June 1986, while I was working in the office they came and detained me. I was detained for almost three months with Chantel Fortuin, Lucy Ninzi and another small group. After that, Lizzie Phike and Maggie Wilson and others were detained again. …

… fought between members of various liberation organisations and the illegal Rhodesian government, with the liberation … by groups such as the African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) and the Rhodesians by the Apartheid South African government …

… This pamphlet analysis and illustrates the results of the elections held in 1981, in … The liberatory movement introduced the Dont Vote Campaign and about 90% of the people boycotted the elections. APDUSA … saying that they have interests only of their own regard and not for the oppressed and the struggle for liberation. …

… The minister of (Black) education and training, Dr Ferdinand Hartzenberg, announced that … throughout the country. They were to receive free books and stationary at a cost of R4, 10 per child per year. Many … was being introduced to perpetuate an inferior education and stressed several advantages of the move. Though it was …

… Percy Qoboza was a journalist and outspoken critic of the apartheid regime. He initially … of the World in 1963. By 1974 he had become the editor, and ensured that the World was the most circulated Black … in 1976. As a result of this, the newspaper was banned and Qoboza was detained without a charge until March 1978. …

… for an end to National Party (NP) rule in South Africa and encouraged the struggle against apartheid to continue. In … South Africa, by the people of South Africa. It has waxed and waned. There have been many setbacks, until sometimes the faint-hearted despaired and occasionally even the courageous retreated for a time …

… We can sanely advise Mr. Buthelezi that he pauses and examines the amount of responsibility he has assumed. He … Some of the masses have pinned their hopes on him and him alone. When Gatsha speaks, they clap hands and say: 'he is giving it to them (Whites) and is sure going …

… previously as as Groene Rivier, Bokkeveld, Onder Bokkeveld and Groen River (Onder Bokkeveld), and was located on the Bokkeveld escarpment. It was named … farm). On 20 June 1901 Boer forces entered the village and ransacked its post office, inflicting extensive damage to …

… towards the Southeast. Its capital was Thohoyandou and it was the smallest of all the Homelands. The Homelands … created to allow Black South Africans to Govern themselves and to preserve their Culture, but in reality they denied … Politics. They also lost their Citizenship to the Country and were contained on a fraction of the usable land in the …

… finds, the area was home to groups of Khoikhoi (Topnaars) and Aoni, who had lived in the area for thousands of years. … Cape Cross. In 1487, Bartholomew Diaz anchored in the bay and called it Golfo de Santa Maria de Conceicao. The bay, which was also known as "Woolwich Bay" and "Walwich Bay" was visited occasionally by sealers and …

… Contents and Contributors Poetry: Mafika Gwala, Nkos'omzi Ngcukana, … Haroon Mohamed. Lindiwe Mvemve, Landi kaThemba. Columns and Features: VOICES FROM THE GHETTO Mr. Petrus Xaba, … DRAMA SECTION: Theatre of the Dispossessed: James Mthoba and Joe Rahube by Matsemela Manaka. TRUTH AND CENSORSHIP …

… the Northern American States with regard to their navy, and instead adopted the strategy of sinking and capturing ships belonging to the Northern Union states.  … that preyed on civilian shipping were called raiders and often described as being state sanctioned pirates. By the …

… led the resistance against Italy's invasion of Ethiopia and also spoke out against the use of chemical weapons at the … been criticised for his suppression of Ethiopian nobles and for his inability to modernise Ethiopia.  However, he is … looked up to as a symbol of African dignity, both within and outside the continent. Rastafarians revere Emperor …

… by Klipfontein Road, Belgravia Road, Thornton Road and Alexander Sinton High School became a gathering place for … On 15 October 1985, members of the security forces shot and killed three young people who were part of … demonstrations. On the day of the incident, Security and Railway police worked together to crush a gathering of …

… Warriors (Ndebele), under the leadership of Lobengula, and the British forces, under the command of Major Patrick … demonstrating their courage. They had 80 000 spearmen and 20 000 riflemen, against fewer than 700 British soldiers, … Forbes' column to re-enforce the patrol were too little and too late. The ensuing battle and eventual loss of 34 …