Increasing repression and the turn to the armed struggle
… an underground military wing known as Poqo ('Pure') in the 1960s. This became the first black political organization in … spread. After the government crackdown in the early 1960s, the PAC went underground and began its armed struggle … tear gas and police charging with batons. Also in the 1960s, the ANC, the SACP, Congress of the Democrats (COD), …