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… region in 1886. The Boers made use of guerrilla tactics by sabotaging British supply wagons, while the British responded by burning down the farms that the Boers received their … death. The scorched earth policy had been implemented by March 1901. On 16 August 1901, De la Rey, a Boer general, …

… during South African War (Second Anglo-Boer War) by a military notice.  The initial aim of the establishment … to be refugee camps, becoming instead concentration camps. By the end of the war 4 177 women, 22 074 children and 1 676 … camps, housing Africans who had been rounded up by British forces, was nearly as high. Defn: 'Scorched earth' …

… Bulawayo to the ground rather than allow it to be captured by the British. The British captured the ruined Bulawayo on 4 … him across the Shangani River but they were cut off by the king's amabutho on 4 December. Efforts by Commanding Officer Forbes' column to re-enforce the patrol …

… War broke out with the German invasion of Poland in 1939. By 1941, the Japanese had launched a military strike on the United States by attacking their naval base in Peal Harbor, Hawaii. The … of the survivors were exposed to the radiation released by the bombs and have since suffered from radiation …

… overthrown in a bloodless military coup and was replaced by Lieutenant Moussa Traore. Continuing with economic reform, the new government was constantly challenged by internal strife. This was compounded by the Sahel Drought, in which around 100 000 people died of …

… On 24 December 1651, accompanied by his wife and son, Jan van Riebeeck set off from Texel in … Goede Hoop, Van Riebeeck was accompanied by 82 men and 8 women. When Van Riebeeck left The Netherlands … medical assistance. However, the first winter experienced by Van Riebeeck and his crew was extremely harsh, as they …

… Tradition, a documentary history, Volume One 1907 - 1950, by Allison Drew Document 93 S. B., "Unite Against Reaction … The position in South Africa is very much complicated by the racial question. On the one hand a very strong … united front tactics into countries threatened by fascism and those already under fascism South Africa, …

… is no doubt that the overt leadership has been dominated by men, the seemingly unacknowledged and informal segment of society controlled by women has been the key to many of the most significant … only in the very recent past that the crucial role played by women in raising basic issues, organising and involving …

… Life - Factories, Township and Popular Culture 1886 - 1940 by Luli Callinicos Themes to Think About This Feature has … the nature of production affected the kinds of work done by different people. For example, changes in production in … new labour processes in the factories, goods were produced by semi-skilled women and men at much lower wages. The …

… of the Leeuwenhof Estate and was developed in about 1820 by Johannes Zorn. It consisted of a gabled House which, … a high garden wall enclosing its courtyard, was occupied by the farm manager.Known as The Grove, it was let to William … out to various tenants until 1952 when they were bought by the HMC, at which stage the property became known as …

… is inseparably associated with the Castle and was used by its garrison as a training ground. Despite this, however, … for many years it remained a grassy meadow dissected by meandering streams. In 1763 the burgers of Cape Town … of more trees. The fountain was never completed and, by 1814, all traces of it had disappeared. Despite its value …

… as the territory of Ruanda-Urundi.   The resolution taken by the League of Nations followed actions by small European forces as they fought for control of the areas of Rwanda. Led by Belgians in 1916, they advanced from Congo into Germany's …

… originally (1838) bequeathed to six of his freed slaves by H. S. Burger. On the death of the last of the heirs in … mission work there since 1844) bought the farm. The near-by railway station on the Berg River is Moravia. Goedverwacht … attend the school.  The church and parsonage were built by the villagers and are constructed of local stone. Other …

… In response to a call by President Nelson Mandela, representatives of government, … a R2, 5-billion housing project to be funded jointly by the Government and business, which will create employment … as the biggest problem in South Africa, matched only by the high rate of crime and violence. Click here to read …

… it was reported that she was attacked to death in the bush by a lion, but further details emerged that she was stabbed to death by her employee, Paul Nakware Ekai, 18. This was revealed by Ekai in an extraordinary prison cell interview with Jeevan …

… he rejected the latter description for his work. Described by one critic as South Africa’s Gauguin, he was also influenced by Van Gogh and later by Piero della Francesca. Preller was one of the most …

… annually on 25 April. The day was officially instituted by the World Health Assembly in May 2007. Malaria Day was first observed by African governments in 2001 and was known as Africa Malaria Day. Subsequent to a proposal made by the World Health Organisation (WHO) Member States at a …

… empire and to avenge Italy's defeat in 1896 at Adwa by the Eritreans invades Eritrea. A border clash at Wewel … against Italy, but they had little effect, and an attempt by the British and French governments to arrange settlement by giving Italy much of Ethiopia, failed. The Italians …

… Led by Dr G.M. Naicker and Dr. Y.M. Dadoo, Indians observed … 15 000 people at the Red Square in Durban was addressed by Dr Naicker. After the meeting, a procession marched to the … Representation Act, the so-called Ghetto Act, enacted by the Smuts Government. … SAHO Indian passive resistance in South Africa, 1946-1948 by E.S. Reddy [online] Available at: www.sahistory.org.za …

… Good Hope (Kasteel van Goede Hoop) at the Cape were laid by Zacharias Wagenaer, Johan van Arckel, Gabbema and Lacus, the structure was completed by 1679.   The Castle of Good Hope is the oldest surviving … fortification replaced a small clay and timber fort built by Jan van Riebeeck in 1652 upon establishing a maritime …

… Inqaba ya basebenzi, published in London by the Marxist Workers' Tendency of the African National … of workers. Trade union action in the struggle for power by united workers is documented at length. Strikes by mineworkers, factory workers and transport workers are …

… edited over a period of several years in the mid-1950's by Ruth First. The focus of the content was largely on resistance by South Africans to the suppressive actions and legislation … coverage is also given to the path of emancipation taken by several African countries, such as Sudan, the Congo, …

… A Documentary History of Indian South Africans edited by Surendra Bhana and Bridglal Pachai In the following … born of the Passive Resistance Movement initiated by that great Indian leader, Mr. Gandhi, and brought to a head by the unparalleled event in the life of the Indian community …

… of our Continent have searched for ways and means by which our countries could achieve good governance and … and advantage for themselves, their relatives and friends by illegal or immoral means. In this situation, the … the enemies of "good governance", as it would be defined by those in power. In these circumstances, the exercise of …

…   The Building of a Nation Speech by O.R. Tambo - commemorating the 60th Anniversary of the … our common struggle. The year now ending has been marked by vital decisions taken by the National Executive Committee and the Revolutionary …

… From the book:  No.46 - Steve Biko by Hilda Bernstein, 1978, South Africa This is the year, … political detainee known to have died under interrogation by the security police in South Africa since the first … victim is within a closed circle that cannot be penetrated by friends or relatives. The evidence of how each one died …

… in trust and formed a board of trustees. This was done by means of the South African Art Gallery Act. Then in 1924, … focus of AVA. Renovations to the building were made by Metropolitan on 35 Church Street took place in 1971. … time. This became home to a gallery space first utilized by the SAAA. However, the gallery was known as the …

… Chad as a nation state [v] . Post-colonial Chad was marred by both a small scale war with Libya and a protracted … first as the Duguwa Kingdom, and then, after a rebellion by court officials, as the Sayfuwa Kingdom, so named after … Yet both the names refers to the Kanem Kingdom, but ruled by different dynasties.  Around 1 000 CE Berber's, and …

… From: Lessons of the 1950s By Richard Monroe, March-May 1984 Chapter 8 - The politics of … opposition of the ruling class and its state machine, only by building a movement on the scale indicated by Mandela -  led by the organised working class . Such a …

… but, Thank God, I can still speak to you in absentia, by the written word through the medium of a proxy whom I … The Nationalist Government, alarmed and greatly shaken by the rising tide of freedom consciousness among the … address such as this. Suffice is to say: Furious threats by nationalist party leaders including ministers of the crown …