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ArticleA decade by decade events account of the women’s struggle in South Africa
… affecting Blacks in her time, from campaigning against the pass book laws to supporting trade union movements and exploring the … of Charlotte Maxeke as…
ArticleHistory Grade 11 - Topic 3 Essay Questions
… Prime Minister Kevin Rudd apologised in parliament for the laws and policies that inflicted grief, suffering and loss on … After the Reichstag fire, Hitler…
ArticleCape Town the Segregated city
… staff was housed in the castle. Overtime proclamations or laws regulating the behaviour and movement of slaves and … that they carry passes remained in force…
ArchiveThe defiance campaign
… Everyone decided that we were not going to obey the laws, which the government had made because if no one obeyed these laws then they would have to take them…
ArticleSouth African major mass killings timeline 1900-2012
… in favour of full franchise and against discriminatory laws. 1960 24 January, nine policemen were killed by an angry … (ANC), the Pan Africanist Congress …
Yusuf Dadoo Timeline: 1900 - 1909
… Effectively the certificate of registration is a 'pass' that Indians and Chinese will have to produce on demand … Association to mount a campaign against the…
New Age
… abroad who were exiled; women demonstrating against the pass-laws; workers and their demands for better working conditions …
Chapter 8 - The politics of Congress in the late 1950s
… of increase in poll tax, banning meetings, opposition to pass laws, and the sell-out policy of the City Councillors … of Sophiatown and Alexandra women on…
Document 16 - Letter from Clements Kadalie to E. R. Roux, 10 October 1928
… of work, but the original I.C.U... We are fighting the Pass Laws too; I was arrested after a big speech I made at … etc., are helping the I.C.U. in its fight…
ArticleIndustrial and Commercial Union Timeline 1919-1989
… of the Industrial and Commercial Union (ICU), under the pass laws from entering Natal. An open split develops within the … . The Industrial and Commercial…
BiographySicelo Shiceka
Sicelo Shiceka was born on 8 June 1966 in the village of Ingquza Hill, near Flagstaff, Lusikisiki in the Eastern Province (now Eastern Cape) His greatest…
BiographyJohn Jacques William Aitchison
John Jacques William Aitchison was born to Harold Aitchison and Phyllis Jacques, in Durban, Natal (now kwaZulu-Natal) on 2 June 1944. He was brought up by his…
BiographyRuth Naomi Leon
The youngest of nine children, Ruth Naomi Leon (who later started calling herself Tania) was born in a small town called Wellington in the Cape Province (now…
ArticleGrade 9 - Term 4: Turning points in modern South African History since 1948
… due to the resistance by the black population against pass laws that were implemented by the government; the June 1976 … , announced that 1960 was going to…
BiographyMakhosi “Tholi” Nyoka
Makhosi “Tholi” Nyoka was born on 3 April 1957 and grew up in KwaMashu, a township north of Durban, where she attended Umzuvele Secondary School. Nyoka was…
Document 95 - “Welcome The All-African National Convention! African National Convention Must Mark Beginning of National Liberation Movement”, South African Worker, 27 June 1936
… the oppressed African people, expressed in the anti-native laws passed during the recent session. It must mark the … of a permanent movement for liberation…
EventRioting and destruction in Cato Manor and Durban continues
… work opportunities and the relaxation of influx control laws led to Black people streaming into Durban. Thousands of … in Cato Manor worsened. Along with…
EventRobert Sobukwe is sentenced to three years’ imprisonment
… for incitement of Blacks to urge the repeal of pass laws. Sobukwe led a peaceful Black march to Orlando police …
ArchiveUrban crisis and the apartheid state response: South African housing policy in the 1980s
… "illegal" informal settlements, and the scrapping of the pass laws which regulated the urbanization process of the …
EventState of emergency declared after Sharpeville Massacre
… what was supposed to be a peaceful demonstration against pass laws. Police responded by firing on a crowd of 300 unarmed …
Biography of Baleka Mbete-Kgositsile by Brianna T. Hogg
… face on a daily basis, including the various segregation laws and pass laws. [8] Years after her exposure to the Black … Hirschmann points out the numerous…
ArticleWomen’s resistance in the 1960s - Sharpeville and its aftermath
… Congress (PAC) both announced plans to tackle the pass laws for blacks (both men and women) with massive protests, civil disobedience and pass burnings…
ArticlePopular resistance and police brutality in democratic South Africa
… of Sharpeville protesting against the government’s pass laws , 1976 Soweto uprisings , 1980s protests when many of …
EventGeneral J.C. Smuts (80), former prime minister of SA, dies
… Commission after WW II in August 1946, to investigate laws relating to urban Blacks, pass laws, and the socio-economic circumstances of migrant …
Message by Albert Luthuli to the National Conference of the African National Congress Women`s League, 1 August 1959
… painful reminder to me and to you all also that apartheid laws deny us freedom of movement. Feudal days in Europe could … opposition to serfdom. Ever since…
ArticleAfrican National Congress Youth League (ANCYL)
… came into power in 1948 introduced harsh and oppressive laws towards blacks. In 1952, adoption of the Youth League’s … policies. Similar campaigns targeting…
BiographyJacobus Herculaas de la Rey
… Boekenhoutskloof before breaking through the Silkaatsnek Pass on 11 July to familiar territory in the western …
ArticleFatima Meer Timeline 1928-2010
… It also raised funds for the 1956 Defiance of Unjust Laws Campaign 1952 Was one of the first group of South … the Nationalist Government. It also organised a…
ArticleProvincial Leaders
… the government process is carried out according to the laws that have been passed in Parliament. For example the … run smoothly. Parliament is where the…
ArticleSouth African Communist Party Timeline 1870-1996
… around the country to hold demonstrations against the pass laws. 1929 The CPSA engages in struggles across South Africa … killed in violent clashes with the…