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… Following the adoption of a Programme of Action in the 1949 annual congress, the ANC began the 1950s with mass action campaigns marked by … The Defiance Campaign against apartheid laws begins …

… The United Democratic Front (UDF) was formed in August 1983, and was one of the most prominent anti-apartheid movements, comprising of … 400 workers', church, civic and student organisations. The non-racial movement was initially established in protest … Nelson mandela center of memory," Roots of the United Democratic Front ",from Nelson mandela center of …

… A brief report appeared on the 13th of November in the Times, which was the last of the legal conclusions around the sinking of the … Final legal note on the SS Mendi …

… The current South African national cricket team, The Proteas, is one of the most successful national teams in the country and the … Cricket South Africa About the Proteas [online] Available at: https://www.cricket.co.za [Accessed on 7 December 2012]| The South African Proteas cement their position as the …

… 1958, Gamal Abdel Nasser was formally nominated to become the first president of the new United Arab Republic. In February 1958, Egypt joined with Syria in the United Arab Republic- a symbol of pan-Arabism (the union … 2009]|TheFamousPeople, Gamal Abdel Nasser Biography, from THE FAMOUS PEOPLE , [online], Available at …

… The historic multi-racial convention called The Congress of the People started in Kliptown, near Johannesburg. The … ANC The Freedom Charter and the United Nations [online] Available at: www.anc.org.za … Congress of the People starts in Kliptown …

… You are invited to the 2017 TB Davie Memorial Lecture, where Professor Mahmood Mamdani will speak on “Decolonising the Post-Colonial University”. The lecture is to be held at 17:30 for 18:00 on Tuesday, 22 … Invitation to the TB Davie Memorial Lecture …

… From the book:  My Spirit Is Not Banned by Frances Baard and … Schreiner Anyway all this time I was still working with the Food and Canning Workers' Union and after a time, since … call SACTU (South African Congress of Trade Unions). All the unions there in Port Elizabeth took part in SACTU. I …

… On 1 February 1920, the South African Air Force was established. This made it the first air force of the Commonwealth, with Lt-Col. Pierre van Ryneveld appointed … The South African Air Force is established …

…   The Berlin Airlift provided tons of supplies to war ravaged Berlin. Under the aid program known as the Marshall Plan, the USA supplied aid to the Western Allied … Grade 12: The Berlin Wall [online], South African History Online … sahistory.org.za [accessed 25 September 2009]| Speir, A. "The Berlin Airlift, 1948-9" from The Military History Journal …

… Nigeria gained independence from the United Kingdom on 1 October 1960. And an Executive … of conservative parties, and it came into power on the back of increasingly enthusiastic demands for political … from colonial powers that swept across much of the African continent during the middle of the 20th …

… An English troop carrier, the Birkenhead, under Captain Robert Salmond, stranded on a reef opposite Danger Point, the southern point of Walker Bay, at present day Gans Bay in the Western Cape . The ship was carrying reinforcements for … The Birkenhead runs aground with 638 passengers …

… The Transvaal Colony, former Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek … granted self-government status by Britain, according to the terms of the Vereeniging Peace Treaty, signed between representatives … Self government is granted to the Transvaal …

… Coup. Major General Mohammad Siyad Barre took control of the country's government and established strong ties with the USSR and other Soviet-bloc nations. In 1978 the Barre government lost Soviet support when it launched an … Rebels overrun the Somalian capital of Mogadishu …

… The South African Reserve Bank was established in terms of the Currency and Banking Act, 1920 (Act No. 31 of 1920) in … South African commercial banks issued banknotes to the public. These banks had to convert the notes from the … Mbuya J.C. (2008), ‘The Pillars of Banking’ , (MP), pp. 195-197 South African …

… At the conclusion of a forty-four day inquest into the death in detention of  white trade union leader, Dr. Neil Aggett, the Johannesburg magistrate, Pieter Kotze, found that no one … An inquest into the death in detention of the white trade union leader, Dr. …

… of transitional government Dr Manuel Pinto da Costa, the leader of the Committee for the Liberation of São Tomé and PrÁ­ncipe(CLSTP) became the … Manuel Pinto da Costa becomes the president …

… According to a report published by The Star on this date , the report of the Motsuenyane Commission, published the previous day, …   The Star , Milestones, August 24, 2004. … The African National Congress is found guilty …

… Following the National Convention held by four British colonies, namely, Transvaal, Orange, Natal and Cape, the draft South Africa Act was signed in Bloemfontein after fierce debate. The different laws concerning non-White political rights in … The Draft South Africa Act is signed …

… On 4 August 1914, work was stopped at the Kimberley mine after 43 years of operation. The mine became uneconomical to operate as it reached a depth … a pioneering episode in South African engineering history. The history of the Kimberly mine began with the discovery of …

… On this day the African National Congress (ANC) headquarters in London, … was bombed. General Johann Coetzee, former head of the South African security police, and seven other policemen, claimed responsibility for the attack and applied for amnesty before the Truth and …

… Numerous attempts were made by the local government to clear informal dwellings at Crossroads in close proximity to the Cape Town International airport. The government’s plan was to relocate them to a new township … Forced removals at the Crossroads informal settlement …

… Resolutions of the South African Council of Churches, discussed at the Eighth National Conference, which includes the call for detainees to be charged or released, the right … Resolutions of the Eight National Conference of the South African Council of Churches, July 27-29, 1976 …

… The Battle of Chrissiesmeer (Lake Chrissie) during Anglo-Boer … War 2 started with an attack by General Louis Botha on the British forces under General Smith-Dorrien. Botha's main aim was to cripple the advance of Smith-Dorrien into the eastern Transvaal. …

… The Bantu Authorities in Transkei have accepted a constitution, which the Unity Movement is unhappy about; to which this document ensures continued domination of the Transkei by the Republic of South Africa. The Unity … Self rule in the Transkei: a monstrous fraud …

… A presidential address delivered at the 9th Conference of the Non-European Unity Movement (NEUM).It is noted that this conference has been convened at the most crucial moment in the history of the oppressed of … The philosophy tenets and traditions of NEUM …

… The Angolan Civil War began in 1975, with the end of Portuguese colonial rule. This civil war was raged between two major factions, the Communist MPLA (Popular Movement for the Liberation of …  [Accessed 13 July 2009]| Angola and South West Africa - The Forgotten War [online] Available at: geocities.com …

… APPEAL TO THE BRITISH PUBLIC ABOUT THE NATIVE LAND ACT, 1913 by John Langalibalele Dube … South African Native National Congress [This extract from the appeal was published by Gandhi in Indian Opinion with the … Appeal to the British public by Dube …

… Nama. Witbooi's grandfather and father were both chiefs of the Nama group, which was a title that Hendrik inherited upon the death of this father. After a number of skirmishes with the Herero, Witbooi led his faction of the Nama group to the … Hendrik Witbooi, Chief of the Nama, dies …

… an expedition in Africa announced that Lake Victoria is the source of the Nile River. The expedition was Speke’s second attempt and was meant to … John Speke and J.A. Grant announce that Lake Victoria is the source of the Nile …