The historic multi-racial convention called The Congress of the People started in Kliptown, near Johannesburg. The proposition for this form of gathering came from Prof. Z.K Matthews at the African National Congress (ANC) Queenstown regional conference in 1953. It was endorsed by the ANC national conference held in December. The convention was attended by approximately 3,000 delegates from different racial groups in South Africa. Hundreds of delegates were blocked on their way to attend the convention by the police, who were also present at Kliptown. The convention was co-sponsored by the ANC, the South African Indian Congress (SAIC), the Coloured People's Organisation (CPO) and the Congress of Democrats (CoD). It brought together national liberation movements from diverse ideological orientation. These organisations set up a Joint Action Committee to coordinate the work of drafting the Freedom Charter, which was adopted by the convention the next day, 26 June 1955. The Freedom Carter is a corner stone of the Constitution of South Africa. At the meeting three prominent liberation leaders, Chief Albert Luthuli, Dr Yusuf Dadoo and Father Trevor Huddleston were awarded the ANC's highest honour, Isitwalandwe/Seaparankoe, bestowed on those who contributed immensely to the liberation struggle. Chief Luthuli and Dr Dadoo were unable to receive the honour as a result of restriction orders put on them.
25 June 1955
Congress of the People starts in Kliptown
- Updated
- 23 Jun 2020

How we know this
- 01ANC The Freedom Charter and the United Nations [online] Available at: www.anc.org.za [Accessed on 25 June 2013]
- 02SAHO Freedom Charter 1955 [online] Available at: www.sahistory.org.za [Accessed on 25 June 2013]
Last updated · 23 Jun 2020
South African History Online. (2011, March 16). Congress of the People starts in Kliptown. South African History Online. https://sahistory.org.za/ref/E-0011820
South African History Online (2011) 'Congress of the People starts in Kliptown', South African History Online, 16 March. Available at: https://sahistory.org.za/ref/E-0011820 (Accessed: 27 October 2026).
South African History Online, Congress of the People starts in Kliptown [website], https://sahistory.org.za/ref/E-0011820, (accessed 27 October 2026).
"Congress of the People starts in Kliptown." South African History Online, 16 Mar. 2011, https://sahistory.org.za/ref/E-0011820. Accessed 27 Oct. 2026.
South African History Online. "Congress of the People starts in Kliptown." South African History Online. March 16, 2011. https://sahistory.org.za/ref/E-0011820.
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