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ArticleCODESA 1 Timeline
… congress will be held in November. 25 September 1991: The PAC and AZAPO agree to join the ANC at the all-party congress … such as negotiations, an interim…
Chapter 8 - The politics of Congress in the late 1950s
… the advisability and possibility of calling a multi-racial convention to seek a solution to our pressing national … opening of the following parliamentary…
ArticleAfrican National Congress Timeline 1930-1939
… minority government. A case in point was the Non European Convention in Kimberley and the All Africa Convention (AAC) in Bloemfontein. Far from being a…
ArticlePixley ka Isaka Seme Timeline 1881-1951
… abroad, Richard Msimangand George Montsioa, call for a convention of Africans to form the South African Native … Jabavuin convening the first meeting of the…
ArticleNon-European Unity Movement (NEUM)
… below), which led to the convening of the All African Convention (AAC) . Members of the WPSA saw in this the … followed the calling of the anti-pass campaign…
II - The Life of Steve Biko
… year he was instrumental in forming the Black Peoples' Convention (BPC), as an umbrella political movement for … and in that year, at the congress of the…
EventNelson Mandela arrives on Robben Island to serve his five-year sentence
… where he met his old friend and political opponent Robert Sobukwe, the leader of the breakaway PAC. Mandela spent seven months at Pretoria Central Prison …
ArticleThe missionaries
… such as Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela , Mangaliso Robert Sobukwe and Ellen Kuzwayo attended mission schools. In the …
EventDeath in detention of Imam Haron
… to 1966). He maintained contact with Alex La Guma, Robert Sobukwe and others. He spoke out when others were silent. He …
PlaceGraaff-Reinet
… eloquent founder of the Pan Africanist Congress - Robert Sobukwe . He who spent most of the 1960's detained by the … wife, South Africa’s fourth-oldest town…
ArticleThe British Anti-Apartheid Movement
… relations with its former colony, and between 1946 and 1959, 113,000 Britons had settled in South Africa. However, … organisations had the effect of sending…
ArticleAfrican National Congress Timeline 1866-1909
… conferences 60 delegates are elected for a South African Convention which met at Bloemfontein. April, A Cape Native Convention is organised by J.T. Jabavu,…
ArticlePretoria: The Founding of the City
… Andries Pretorius led the negotiations of the Sand River Convention . These negotiations were fruitful for the Boers … in March 1881 [x] . However, on 3…
‘Wash Me Black Again’: African Nationalism, the Indian Diaspora, and Kwa-Zulu Natal, 1944-1960 by Jon Soske
… to the banning of the ANC and Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC) in March 1960. I analyze the dominant set of racial … the 1949 Durban Riots and the formation of…
ArticleFirst Anglo Boer War
… federation policy, and, by the signing of the Pretoria Convention in August 1881, the Transvaal was granted … (Tranvaal) regained its independence. The…
BiographyMohamed Farouk Asvat
… in Cape Town; Community Awareness Theatre, Black Peoples' Convention, South African Students' Organisation, Black …
ArticleBloemfontein Timeline 1824-2010
… church in Kerk Straat. 1854 23 February, the Bloemfontein Convention is signed, giving the Orange River Sovereignty … Workers Union of South Africa (ICWU)…
ArticleThe Freedom Charter Campaign
… Prof. ZK Matthews proposed the summoning of a ‘national convention at which all groups might be represented to … met in Tongaat near Durban to discuss plans…
ArticleThe Founding of the SANNC
… After actively petitioning the National Convention and being ignored during 1910 and 1911, delegates to the South African Native Convention (SANC) decided to…
ArticleOrganisations involved in Youth and the National Liberation Struggle
… African Student Organisation (SASO) The Black People's Convention African Students Association (ASA) African …
ArticlePaul Kruger Timeline 1825-1904
… career, the republic is reinsated. August, The Pretoria convention is signed and the Vierkleur is flown once again. … to persuade the British government to…
ArticleThe Congress of the People, Kliptown 1955
… Prof. ZK Matthews proposed the summoning of a ‘national convention at which all groups might be represented to … met in Tongaat near Durban to discuss plans…
ArticleThe Union of South Africa: Movement towards Republic
… settler population. This was played out in the National convention of 1908 The most important reason for the National convention of 1908 was to foster closer…
South African Student Organisation Leaders
… Drake Koka the first secretary of the Black People's Convention Winnie Kgware First President of BPC 1972 Sath …
ArticleAfrica: Colonialism, Arts, Protest & Independence
… Nnamdi Azikiwe and Herbert Macaulay found the National Convention of Nigeria and Cameroon in Lagos, the first … government. Mau Mau guerrilla activity…
ArticleOrganization of African Unity Timeline 1884-2000
… Nnamdi Azikiwe and Herbert Macaulay found the National Convention of Nigeria and Cameroon in Lagos, the first … government. Mau Mau guerrilla activity…
ArticleThe History of Education: 1658 to present
… who later becomes leader of the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC), is present. The government appoints the Eiselen … Boycott of schools in Southern Transvaal and…
EventState of emergency declared after Sharpeville Massacre
… near Vereeniging in the Transvaal. On March 21st the PAC led what was supposed to be a peaceful demonstration … in a series of mass arrests, including Robert…
ArticleSouth Africa’s Foreign Relations during Apartheid, 1948
… government instead reacted with banning the ANC and PAC. From this point on the UN decided to follow steps to try … to introduce boycotts and sanctions. On…
Document 50 - Socialist League of Africa , “South Africa: Ten Years of the Stay-at-Home”, International Socialism, 5, Summer 1961
… and particularly as it was to be used again in 1960 by the PAC, an understanding of this tactic is necessary. For the … Freedom Charter In 1954 there was a…