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BiographyHeidi Holland
… outraged authorities in 1978 when she defied censorship laws and published the first photograph of Robert Mugabe to …
BiographyPius Nkonzo Langa
… Legends award on 11 March 2008 He was Awarded Doctor of Laws degrees, honoris causa, by the Universities of Zululand, …
BiographyAndimba Herman Toivo Ya Toivo
… in the future, recognise your right to govern us; to make laws for us, in which we had no say; to treat our country as …
BiographyBlanche la Guma
… She was detained under the 90-day solitary confinement laws in 1963 and subsequently banned. The Nursing Act …
BiographyTsepo Tiisetso Letlaka
Tsepo Tiisetso Letlaka was born in 1925 in the Transkei,Cofimvaba, where his parents were both teachers, he studied at St. John's College, Healdtown, Roma, and…
BiographyGilbert Hani
… passbooks for women, the cost of rents for accommodation, laws affecting African people and denunciation of Matanzima’s …
BiographyGeorge Mokate Ramafoku
George Mokate Ramafoku is the only person, banished post-1948, who was also banished prior to 1948. His banishment order, of 8 May 1935, notes that Chief…
BiographyProfessor Bankole Ajibabi Omotoso (Kole Omotoso)
Professor Bankole Ajibabi Omotoso (better known as Kole Omotoso), novelist, playwright, journalist, scholar and actor, was born on 21 April 1943 in Akure, Ondo…
ArticleRobert Mangaliso Sobukwe Timeline 1924 - 1978
… of resistance to segregation and existing labour laws 1947 Robert Sobukwe enrols at the University of Fort … disciplined and sustained protest campaign…
BiographyCoopoosamy Naidoo
… but on each occasion he was recognised and allowed to pass unchallenged. …
ArticleWomen in the Cities and the Resistance Movement
BiographyProfessor Fatima Meer
… the women’s organisation that organised the famous Anti-Pass March on the Union Buildings in Pretoria in 1956. In … her leadership, from 1986-88, the IBR…
BiographyVincent Joseph Gaobakwe Matthews
… became estranged from the Party. Following the 1960 anti-pass campaign that led to the Sharpeville Massacre and the …
BiographyDarius Segatle
Darius Segatle was the principal of a school in Rooijantjiesfontein, Lichtenburg [Northern Transvaal, now North West Province] until the end of 1960, when he…
BiographyKhaya Biko
Early lifeKhaya Biko was born in Queenstown in the Eastern Cape in 1944, the second of four children of Mzingaye Biko, a police officer and later a clerk, and…
ArticleCouncil policies and practice
… also schizophrenic in its approach to reforms, abolishing laws that made life for Black, Coloured and Indian people … to growing revolutionary fervour. It…
BiographyPhillip Qipu Vundla
… Mineworkers' Union and also served on the National Anti-Pass Council in 1944. He was best known as a member of the … Mineworkers' Union and also served on…
BiographyDonald Thumamina Mboto
Donald Thumamina Mboto was born on 10 May 1987, in Harding near Port Shepstone on the KwaZulu-Natal South Coast. He was the ninth child of Thandiwe Daphney…
BiographyMashudu Jonathan Mudau
Mashudu Jonathan Mudau was born on 1 January 1953 at Mbaleni, Northern Transvaal (now Limpopo). He started his schooling at Makwarela Primary and passed…
BiographyNomadhlangala Cosy Europa Ndabezitha
Nomadhlangala Cosy Europa Ndabezitha was born on 22 September 1953 in Durban, Natal (now KwaZulu-Natal) to Madhlangala Dukuza Ndabezitha and Ntombinkulu Bhengu…
'The People Accept the Challenge of the Nationalists' Statement issued by the National Executive of the A.N.C., April 6, 1963
… liberatory movement is not just the repeal of individual laws, but also the liquidation of the whole status quo. In … The focal points of our struggle in…
BiographyChief Justice Arthur Chaskalson
… he challenged the implementation of several apartheid laws. Justice Chaskalson was director from its inception in …
BiographyChris McGregor
… Blue Notes became very successful despite the apartheid laws of the country at the time which forbade mixed race …
BiographyZainab Ebrahim Asvat
… which she denounced the violence, denounced discriminatory laws, affirmed the resisters’ commitment and appealed to the …
BiographyJonathan Shapiro
… In 2008 Rhodes University made him an Honorary Doctor of Laws. In 2005 the Prince Claus Fund of the Netherlands …
ArticleANC and the early development of apartheid 1948-1950s
… increased introduction of racist and repressive laws, and in 1949 adopted the Programme of Action. This … open defiance against the government, and action…
BiographyElijah Nkwenkwe Loza
Elijah Nkwenkwe Loza was born in 1918 near Alice in the Ciskie,where his father was tribal headman.After completing secondary education, he went to Cape Town…
BiographyTwalimfene Joyi
Twalimfene Joyi, alias Twalimfene Gobinamba, was a sub-Chief from Thembuland, Umtata District (Eastern Province, now Eastern Cape), and a cousin of Bangilizwe…
BiographyDeborah Jean Budlender
Deborah (Debbie) Budlender received a five-year banning order in late November 1976 alongside more than 20 other people working in the nascent black trade…
BiographyMolomo Ntwampe
… notes that he was banished to the Native Trust Farm Cala Pass [Eastern Province, now Eastern Cape] and that he was …