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ArticleTransition to Armed Struggle by Norman Levy
… in December 1960. It charted the way forward following the ANC and PAC’s banning and the government’s holding of a … The holding of an all-party convention…
ArticleGandhi and the Passive Resistance Campaign 1907-1914
… Indians arriving in Colonial Natal. Source: www.scnc.ukzn.ac.za By the 1880s, some Indians began to open shops or trade … of non-violence, and led the…
ArticleDefeat of the Liberation struggle
… Unlawful Organisations Act on 7 April 1960, banning the ANC and the PAC. By 6 May 1960, 18,000 persons were detained … June 1987. Exile circumstances were…
ArticleBiography of Lindiwe Mabuza by Kayla Johansen
… Malibongwe and One Never Knows. Keywords Lindiwe Mabuza, ANC, Chief Representative, One Never Knows, Malibongwe, South … theirs’. [15] She joined the African…
Africans’ Claims in South Africa, 14 December 1943 by Alfred Xuma
… the Annual conference of the African National Congress at Bloemfontein, on the 16 th of December, 1943. We realise as … of the Atlantic Charter Committee…
ArticleThe History of Separate Development in South Africa
… around Johannesburg, Pretoria, Benoni, Port Elizabeth, and Bloemfontein. …
ArticleExample of a local history: Pretoria
… city of Pretoria is 60 km from Johannesburg, 478 km from Bloemfontein and 1 500 km from Cape Town. It spreads out in …
ArticlePrehistory of the Pretoria area
… hill Ntsuanatsatsi in the Free State ( see pre history of Bloemfontein ). When these early BaFokeng people moved north …
Chapter II - Partners in protest
… of us, for what followed. Margaret Gazo, veteran of the ANC Women's League, spoke from the floor. “The white women … a member of the executive of both the…
PlaceThe Space Theatre
… Media and Performance, 25 January 2017, http://esat.sun.ac.za/index.php?title=South_African_Theatre/Bibliography . ↵ … Media and Performance. 25 January 2017…
ArticleSouth African major mass killings timeline 1900-2012
… organisation from the African National Congress (ANC), the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) staged an anti-pass … control headquarters of the African National…
ArticleThe South African Communist Party and May Day – Some Key Moments
… May Day) in 1950. The CPSA, African National Congress (ANC) and South African Indian Congress (SAIC) passed a … the history of the CPSA, but also for their…
Interview with Harry Gwala conducted by Tony Karonat, January 1989, Dambuza Pietermaritzburg
… that he did a lot of work both in the trade unions and the ANC, it was after the Party was banned. In 1944, the Party … in the early SOs the municipal…
ArticleCosatu timeline
… COSATU spends about R2 million campaigning for the ANC. After a decline in the vote towards the ANC, General secretary of COSATU, Zwelinzima Vavi warns the ……
ArticlePass Laws and Sharpeville Massacre
… of pass laws Planning the 1960 anti-pass campaigns: ANC and PAC At the annual conference of the African National Congress (ANC) held in Durban on 16 December…
ArticleYusuf Dadoo Timeline: 1940-1949
… purposes July 7, The All Africa Convention (AAC) meets in Bloemfontein and unlike the Communist Party of South Africa … strike Committee in which the African…
Document 95 - “Welcome The All-African National Convention! African National Convention Must Mark Beginning of National Liberation Movement”, South African Worker, 27 June 1936
… to early graves -ALL MUST GO. The African Convention at Bloemfontein can give the answer. There must be no pisions. …
ArticleThe ‘four nation’ thesis
… thesis can be viewed to be intrinsically linked with the ANC’s political stance as the original four wagon wheel spokes on the ANC’s flag represented the…
ArticleSharpeville
… the country and the world. The African National Congress (ANC) President, Chief Albert Luthuli, called on people to … Unlawful Organisations Act, on 7 April…
ArticleManto Tshabalala-Msimang timeline 1940 - 2009
… one of 27 young members of the African National Congress (ANC) who goes into exile following the South African … of human resource development and deployment…
Indian South Africans timeline 1950-1959
… in his discussions with African National Congress (ANC) branches in Natal. ” Some took pride in the 1949 riots.’ … Naicker, in turn, delivered the opening…
Indian South Africans timeline 1990-1999
… interim leadership group of the African National Congress (ANC) in 1990 and was elected to the National Assembly of the South African Parliament in 1994,…
ArticleUnited Democratic Front timeline 1983-1990
… students aligned to the UDF and African National Congress (ANC) oppose an attempt by Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi of the … PW Botha declares that the UDF is an…
South African Government of National Unity (GNU) – 1994 – 1999
… (GNU) under the leadership of African National Congress (ANC). Clause 88 of the interim Constitution of South Africa … were rejected as invalid. The African…
Article1949 Anti Indian Pogrom in Durban
… Indian Congress (SAIC) and the African National Congress (ANC) formed a joint council "to advance and promote mutual … among our respective peoples." A.W.G…
ArticleA Charge of Treason by Norman Levy
… all simply added fuel to the government’s fire. Yet the ANC seemed powerless to mount a specific campaign to stop the … was about to be subverted by force…
ArticleAfrican Resistance Movement (ARM)
… movements such as the African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) were banned and … spared the wrath of the state. The…
72. The Defiance Campaign, 1953
… Congress at the meeting of its executive committee held at Bloemfontein on the 27th April 1952, and the South African … Vereeniging, Bethal. (d) Natal:…
72. The Defiance Campaign, 1952
… Congress at the meeting of its executive committee held at Bloemfontein on the 27th April 1952, and the South African … Vereeniging, Bethal. (d)Natal: Durban…
ArticleGrade 9 - Term 3: Turning points in South African History, 1960, 1976 and 1990
… its ties to local nationalist organizations, such as the ANC. During the years it was banned, while the ANC continued to operate legally, the CPSA viewed the…