Africa
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ArticleTransition and negotiation, 1990-1994
'Laws do not make a better society, people do ... it is crucial that the people of South Africa unite around a common respect for the…
The people armed, 1984-1990
Introduction 1985, Desmond Tutu, armed only with the bible under his arm, confronts the SA forces during their attempts to break up a…
Article1960-1966: The genesis of the armed struggle
The 1960s marked an important watershed in South Africa's struggle against apartheid. The aftermath of the Sharpeville Massacre, in 1960,…
ArticleApartheid and reactions to it
In 1948, the National Party (NP), representing Afrikaners, won the national election on a platform of racism and segregation under the…
Second World War and its impact, 1939-1948
South Africa enters the War General Smuts signing the agreement at the first meeting of the UN General Assembly. Source: P. Joyce (2000),…
Constructing the Union of South Africa; negotiations & contestations, 1902-10
Scanned in copy of the last page of the Treaty of Vereeniging, click to enlarge and view other pages Industrialization and British…
ArticlePass laws in South Africa 1800-1994
Slaves at the Cape were forced to carry passes. This made it easier for their owners and the local authorities to control their movements. …
ArticleFirst Anglo Boer War
Causes of the War The First Anglo-Boer is also known as the First Transvaal War of Independence because the conflict arose between the…
ArticleCongress of the People and the Freedom Charter
As the struggle for freedom reached a new intensity in the early fifties, the ANC saw the need for a clear statement on the future of South…
Anti-Indian Legislation 1800s - 1959
1859 After protracted negotiations between the Natal Government and the British Secretary of State for the Colonies, the Natal Coolie Law…
ArticleMass Democratic movements, 1976-1983
IntroductionNovember 1977, Dr Mamphele Ramphele stands over Steve Biko's open casket in his home before the funeral, attended by 20,000…
The genesis of the armed struggle, 1960-1966
Introduction Sharpeville shortly after the shootings © Museum Africa. The 1960s marked an important watershed in South Africa's struggle…
ArticleAfrican nationalism and working-class & popular protests, 1910-1924
General Louis Botha headed the first government of the new Union of South Africa, with General Jan Smuts as his deputy. Their South African…
ArticleSouth African Communist Party Timeline 1870-1996
Explore some of the key moments and events that have helped shape the course of South African Communist Party. Follow the links for more…
ArticleUnited Nations and Apartheid Timeline 1946-1994
1946 22 June, The Government of India requested that the question of the treatment of Indians in the Union of South Africa be included in…