Skip to main content

The Colors of Resistance in Apartheid South Africa: Black Consciousness Poetry and the Racial Elusiveness of Wopko Jensma

The article analyzes Black Consciousness poetry of the 1970s and 1980s South Africa alongside the protest poetry of white South African poet Wopko Jensma. It is argued that while the racial definition of oppression and resistance by Black Consciousness poetry had the important aim of the recovery of the black people’s dignity and the fostering of racial solidarity and unity, it also had the unfortunate consequence of not recognizing white resistance and preventing cross-racial solidarity and empathy.

Wallacedene, Cape Town

https://www.groundup.org.za/media/_versions/images/photographers/Vincent%20Lali/Wallacedene_extra_large.jpg
Wallacedene is an Informal Housing Settlement in the Eastern Suburbs of Cape Town, South Africa. The Settlement was established during the 1980s when the relaxation of pass laws allowed rural Populations, to be able to migrate to Urban Centers with far less restrictions! By 2004, Wallacedene had an estimated Population of 21,000 people. The Predominant Race, making up 76% of the Population is: Black African Peoples. The Housing Rights Activist Irene Grootboom lived in Wallacedene.

Ashton, Route 62

 https://www.platform62.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Platform-62-Steam-train.jpg
The little Village of Ashton is famous for its; Fruit, Wine and Rose Nurseries. Ashton originally served as a Settlement Area for the Employees of one of the largest Factory Co-Operatives in the Southern Hemisphere, which produces: "Canned Fruit, Jams and Vegetables". Today, Ashton is one of the towns on Route 62 - the shorter more Scenic alternative to the N2 highway that is fast earning a reputation as the World’s longest Wine Route - and is one of the main Wine-Producing Towns on the Robertson Wine Route.

Zoar, Western Cape

https://www.route-62-info.co.za/info/towns/168/images/bottom_images/0.jpg
It is difficult to talk about Zoar or Amalienstein separately, so interwoven are these sister Towns. They lie adjacent to one another on Route 62, they are both on the Missionary Route (that includes Mamre, Genadendal, Wuppertal, Steinkopf and Elim) and both Towns are under-explored and dependent on Tourism, for their survival. Their History goes something like this: Zoar was the first of the South African Missionary Society's (SAMS) 'projects', established in 1817.