Pretoria receives city status

On 14 October 1931, Pretoria achieved official city status. The city was established in 1855 by Marthinus Pretorius, a leader of the Voortrekkers who named it after his father Andries Pretorius. Andries Pretorius became a hero of the Voortrekkers after he defeated the Zulus in the Battle of Blood River. The city became the Administrative Capital of the Union of South Africa which was constituted in 1910 with the merger of the Transvaal Colony (former Boer Republic of the ZAR), the Orange Free State Colony (former Boer Republic of the Orange Free State), the Cape Colony and Natal Colony. Thirty years later, in 1961, when the Union of South Africa became completely independent of England and became a republic, Pretoria retained its position of Administrative Capital of the Republic of South Africa. While Johannesburg was the scene of many dramatic incidents, Pretoria was the place where apartheid was actually administered from.