Paper by Ian Phillips, presented at the Stanger Meeting on Thursday, 19 July 1990. On negotiations, the armed struggle and the African National Congress. Covers the African National Congress approach to negotiations and the armed struggle in a historical context, what negotiations should be achieving and how to do this, stumbling blocks to negotiations and how to overcome them.
Archive record
Negotiations, armed struggle and the ANC

- Origin date
- 19 July 1990
- Updated
- 27 Aug 2019

South African History Online. (2016, February 22). Negotiations, armed struggle and the ANC. South African History Online. https://sahistory.org.za/ve/ref/R-0111408
South African History Online (2016) 'Negotiations, armed struggle and the ANC', South African History Online, 22 February. Available at: https://sahistory.org.za/ve/ref/R-0111408 (Accessed: 29 July 2026).
South African History Online, Negotiations, armed struggle and the ANC [website], https://sahistory.org.za/ve/ref/R-0111408, (accessed 29 July 2026).
"Negotiations, armed struggle and the ANC." South African History Online, 22 Feb. 2016, https://sahistory.org.za/ve/ref/R-0111408. Accessed 29 July 2026.
South African History Online. "Negotiations, armed struggle and the ANC." South African History Online. February 22, 2016. https://sahistory.org.za/ve/ref/R-0111408.
Further reading
DISA Archive
Letter from Barney Pityana to Neville Curtis
Cape St Francis, Western Cape Peninsula
SAHO is free because readers fund it. Donate →