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… the PAC, the ANC organised a protest against pass laws for 1960. The PAC decided to jump ahead of the ANC planned march, … same time the police gathered evidence to be used in the trial against these men. In October 1963 the Rivonia Trial began against ten people all accused of treason (trying to overthrow the government), and 221 acts of …

… The Final Prize by Norman Levy (Chapter 12) A Charge of Treason When detectives invaded the Congress of the People on … the amorphous indictment of the accused in the Treason Trial in December 1956, while the names and addresses seized … Pondoland, where “a vast popular movement arose in March 1960 ”¦ known as ‘Intaba’ (the mountain)”,17 the “unrest” had …

… , Jerry Mosololi and Simon Mogoerane were charged with treason, with alternative charges of terrorism, murder and … sentenced to death and executed after they were brought to trial. Between 1961 and 1989, about 134 political prisoners … of South Africa was the Sharpeville Massacre on 21 March 1960 , when the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) organised and …

… to the arrest of 156 activists in South Africa, during the Treason Trials, the UK based Treason Trial Defense fund was set up. Initially started in South … provide psychiatric help to those cadres stationed there. 1960 the banned SACP starts writing a journal called the …

… a regional approach and securing access to lawyers. The Treason Trial When 156 leaders of the ANC and allied organisations … defended the accused. A short while later, on 21 March 1960, the Sharpeville Massacre  took place when the Pan …

… one of the 156 activists who are arrested and charged with treason in what would become the Treason Trial . 1960 March, In the aftermath of the Sharpeville shootings, …

… The period also saw the continuation of the 1956 Treason Trial to its conclusion in 1961. That same year, the ANC and … ’ document as a way of giving new impetus to the struggle. 1960 Both the African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan … African National Congress Timeline 1960-1969 …

… 1956 Mandela isarrested and later joined 155 others on trial for treason. All are acquitted by 29 March 196. 1958 He divorces … Evelyn Mase, and marries Nomzamo Winnie Madikizela 1960 Sharpeville Massacre A State of Emergency is imposed and …

… apartheid. The aftermath of the Sharpeville Massacre , in 1960, signalled the beginning of a far more brutal and … pass, Blacks were subject to immediate arrest and summary trial, often followed by deportation to the person's … in Howick, Natal. The leaders were subsequently tried for treason in the infamous Rivonia Trial (October 1963) after …

… apartheid. The aftermath of the Sharpeville Massacre , in 1960, signalled the beginning of a far more brutal and … pass, Blacks were subject to immediate arrest and summary trial, often followed by deportation to the person's … in Howick, Natal. The leaders were subsequently tried for treason in the infamous Rivonia Trial (October 1963) after …

… in Johannesburg during the strike. 1947 26 August, Stands trial with 49 others for involvement in the African … December, 156 Congress leaders are arrested and tried for treason in what becomes known as the Treason Trial . Bram is … after the death of Oswald Pirow (who led the prosecution). 1960 14 March, The defence team in the Treason Trial open …

… held in Durban. It is subsequently cited in the 1956  Treason Trial . November, Nearly the entire Natal Indian Congress … Africa and from leaving his home district for five years. 1960 April 7, The Extension of University Education Amendment …

… towns, the pass laws, pass burnings, bus boycotts, the Treason Trial , and countless demonstrations and protests, … under house arrest, and imprisoned him for three months in 1960. [vi] In September 1964, Weinberg was arrested and …

… for their role in the Defiance Campaign. They stood trial and are found guilty on 2 December 1952 of ‘Statutory … and is eventually activated following the ANC's banning in 1960. 21 September, Mandela made his ‘ No Easy Walk to … leaders are arrested nationwide and charged with high treason. Among the accused is the left wing newspaper, the …

… "Tribal Reserves" carved out by the 1913 Land Act. Between 1960 and 1985, approximately 3.5 million Africans were … Luthuli was later to be deposed, banned, and brought to trial for treason. The law under which he was charged (1956) was the … Grade 9 - Term 3: Turning points in South African History, 1960, 1976 and 1990 …

… declared) and confers wide powers of detention without trial, banning of persons, organizations, gatherings, … of use on a mass scale. Partial SOEs have been declared in 1960 and 1985 and National SOEs declared in 1986,1987,1988 … its Emergency regulations, the Defence Act, common law (treason, public violence, etc.), and countless others. The …

… Campaign and detained under the State of Emergency in 1960 . He was first banned in 1962. From 1978 to 1990 he was … to raise funds for the defence of activists in the 1956 Treason Trial .  Speakers included Florence Mkhize , Hilda Kuper, and …

… Transition to Armed Struggle The brief respite from the Treason Trial which ended on 29 March 1961 and the Rivonia arrests in … at a consultative gathering of African leaders in December 1960. It charted the way forward following the ANC and PAC’s …

… and members. For instance, the early Poqo Trials, Rivonia trial, the Little Rivonia and Bram Fisher trials, among … an impact that spun into the following decade, the 1970s. 1960 Both the African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan … 14 March, The defense team opens their case in the Treason Trial . 16 March, Robert Sobukwe writes to the …

… 1950 - 1960 In Fietas, Johannesburg, the Transvaal Indian Congress … supporters of 20 liberation movement leaders, who are on trial facing charges under the Suppression of Communism Act, … Detective-Sergeant Helberg, and later used as evidence of treason against him. 18 December - 20 December, The Annual …

… 1950s culminated in the Sharpeville massacre on 21 March 1960 . Soon thereafter the apartheid government banned the … Act it created the offense of sabotage by equating it to treason and imposing a maximum penalty of death those found … and resolutions they adopted. What is apparent from the trial records though is that members of the cell intended to …

… 1960 21 March , In a peaceful anti pass march led by the PAC … Bram Fischer closes the case for the defense in the Treason Trial. December, Mandela attended an underground meeting of … Nelson Mandela Timeline 1960-1969 …

… the ANC operated openly in the country as it was banned in 1960 in the aftermath of the Sharpeville massacre. 1950 … Moroka dissociates himself from his fellow trialists. The trial drags on for five months and all the leaders are found … Detective-Sergeant Helberg, and later used as evidence of treason against him. 18-20 December, The annual ANC …

… the Defiance Campaign. The NIC also had members among the Treason Trial defendants and in MK when it was formed in 1961. Due to …

… Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU) is arrested for High Treason, his wife replaces him as the secretary and in this … goal of liberation and embrace the reformist ends. 1959 - 1960 Durban South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU) … and Dyeing workers union and member of the Treason Trial, dies in exile. Lawrence Ndzanga dies in detention. …

… December, Walter Sisulu is arrested on a charge of High Treason. The Trial continues until 1961. 1958 Albertina gave birth to her … Ahmed Kathrada and Ruth First were also there. 1960 30 March, Walter Sisulu was detained during a …

… along with 155 others, were arrested charged with high treason. They individually recall the support and acts of … Nelson Mandela , Helen Joseph  and Walter Sisulu  to stand trial for the entire period until 1961. Despite the … they were all acquitted in March 1961 after being on trial for five years. On 10 May 1963 Moosa Moolla was amongst …

… drawing up of the Freedom Charter in 1955. In the infamous Treason trial that followed the Freedom Charter in 1956, 156 people … were prominent ANC leaders . Move to the Armed Struggle, 1960-1999 In 1960 the African National Congress and Pan …

… and farce competing. Beginning in 1946 with the “sedition trial”, it became a feature of successive governments to have … of the CPSA, and continued into the fifties with the Treason Trial in 1956, the Rivonia Trial in 1963 and … serial story. I was involved in two of these trials (the Treason Trial and the Bram Fischer Trial in 1956 and 1964 …