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BiographyOliver Tambo
… as the scribe, prepared a Programme of Action, selecting tactics employed by other organisations in other campaigns – … was elected Deputy President of the…
BiographyAlbertina Nontsikelelo Sisulu
… security. In the 1960s the ANC moved toward the armed struggle and Umkhonto we Sizwe (the ANC’s armed wing) was … in the 1956 women’s anti-pass protests…
![B J Vorster [John Vorster] portrait](/sites/default/files/styles/saho_medium/public/bio_pics/vorster_bj.jpg?itok=ySN_t7b3)
BiographyB J Vorster [John Vorster]
… bar in Johannesburg, and practised as an advocate until 1958. Prime Minister JG Strijdom died in 1958, and Verwoerd … newspapers’ posed perhaps an even…
BiographyDr Alfred Bitini Xuma
… to South Africa ready to forge new alliances in the struggle for equal rights. He was particularly anxious to … both because he objected to the Youth League…
Article1960-1966: The genesis of the armed struggle
… The 1960s marked an important watershed in South Africa's struggle against apartheid. The aftermath of the Sharpeville … ANC, PAC and other liberation…
The genesis of the armed struggle, 1960-1966
… The 1960s marked an important watershed in South Africa's struggle against apartheid. The aftermath of the Sharpeville … ANC, PAC and other liberation…
ArticleRivonia Trial 1963 - 1964
… highlight a conundrum faced by those in the liberation struggle: the way that justice was often at odds with … PAC and other liberation organisations had to…
Documents, speeches, Awards, and articles relating to Albert John Luthuli
… his outstanding contribution to the non-violent resistance struggle against apartheid in South Africa . Not only did … in the light of these victories,…
ArticleThe Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the Anti-Apartheid Struggle
… to unite people of different nationalities in their struggle for common ideals. He emphasised the significance of … as the Soviet Afro-Asian Solidarity…
Chapter 12 - Blind alley of guerrillaism
… if it did not form part either of deliberate defensive tactics or a concerted revolutionary onslaught by the working … to the preparation and use of physical…
ArchiveCHAPTER 1 - Old Battle-Cries and Borrowed Language by Howard Barrell
… there had been constant debate around the issue. 4 In 1958-1959, in an opposition journal of the time, Africa South … within the ANC nexus for a resort to…
ArticleA decade by decade events account of the women’s struggle in South Africa
… as a result of price hikes, using passive resistance tactics that had been used earlier in the Orange Free State. … wins the case against her banishment and…
ArchiveCHAPTER 8 - Leading from behind Virtue and necessity, April 1984-June 1985 by Howard Barrell
… not take away from the certainty of the victory of our struggle. - Oliver Tambo, July 1984 1 Introduction ‘[T]he … ungovernable. It recalled an appeal by…
Article1970s: Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa
… it. Some white people participated actively in the struggle against apartheid, while some black people … Resistance in the 1960s a. The Sharpeville Massacre…
ArticleThe International Defence and Aid Fund (IDAF)
… the preparatory examination, which lasted until January 1958, charges were dropped against 65 of the accused – the … guest star – to raise funds and draw…
Document 50 - Socialist League of Africa , “South Africa: Ten Years of the Stay-at-Home”, International Socialism, 5, Summer 1961
… that this was a national fight rather than a working class struggle. Because of this there has been endless confusion in … on the masses and their ability to…
ArchiveBibliography by Howard Barrell
… Mokoape, Thenjiwe Mthintso & Welile Nhlapo, `Towards Armed Struggle' paper presented at a symposium on The Legacy of … Internal Commission Report; Commission…
Chief Albert Luthuli Centenary Lecture by President Jacob Zuma, 7 September 2012, Kimberley, Northern Cape
… by a large majority, gaining re-election in 1955 and 1958. Inkosi Luthuli`s proven dedication to the ANC, his … tenure as President-General. The banning…
ArticleThe Black Sash: A History of Transformation
… that protected Coloured voting rights involved corrupt tactics used by the Nationalist government. To win their … turned against the apartheid government…
ArticleGrade 9 - Term 3: Turning points in South African History, 1960, 1976 and 1990
… Apartheid and the myth of ‘race’ Africa's Apartheid struggle and were implemented under the Separate Amenities … the ANC in the 1950s held similar views…
Book 5: People, Places and Apartheid - Chapter 1 - People, Politics and Ideology by Malegapuru William Makgoba
… in South Africa, and that many of the events and tactics employed in the resistance of the 1980s had their … The events of June 16 formed part of a much…
ArticleuMkhonto weSizwe (MK) in exile
… in 1961 jointly by the ANC and SACP to spearhead the armed struggle. A positive development for the ANC was an … name to the Basotho National Party (BNP),…
ArchiveThe Anti-Apartheid Movement Abroad by Max Rossiter
… and the ANC The international aspect of the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa had many different dimensions, and … military resistance. Operation Vula…
ArticleHistory of Women’s Struggle in South Africa
… the history of women's political organization, their struggle for freedom from oppression, for community rights … initiative known as the Defiance Campaign…
Address by Nelson Mandela on behalf of the ANC delegation to the Conference of the Pan-African Freedom Movement of East and Central Africa Addis Ababa, January 1962
… to help the African people in South Africa in their just struggle for freedom and independence. The movement for the … The All African People's Conference…
ArticleSouth African Communist Party Timeline 1870-1996
… noted that the CPSA’s [Communist Party of South Africa] struggle was between the “haves and the have-nots and not on … afraid of losing their jobs!” Women…
Book 4: Industrialisation, Rural Change and Nationalism - Chapter 2 - Industrialisation and the Revitalisation of Black Politics in the1940s by Mohamed Adhikari
… and cultural advancement indicates that it saw the struggle as broader than merely winning political rights. And … for the first time the ANC advocated the…
Review Essay: Crisis, History and the Challenge of Reinvention in the Postcolonial: The African National Congress after Apartheid by Laurence Piper
… conjoined in the nationalist vision of the anti-apartheid struggle, and now disaggregated. Simply put, during the … saw the adoption of a SACP-originated…
ArticleGeneral South African History Timeline: 1980s
… of the Defence Act of 1957 and the Police Act of 1958, which require that newsworthy information should … councils in black urban areas as part of the…
III - Black Consciousness
… of an oppressive regime, whites must be excluded from the struggle towards realizing black aspirations. The idea of … younger generation of potential leaders…