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ArticleGrade 9 - Term 4: Turning points in modern South African History since 1948
… in Vereeniging. Many people set out for work on bicycles or on foot, but some were intimidated by PAC members who threatened to burn their passes or "lay…
ArticleNelson Mandela Timeline 1990-1999
… on the regime that unless all the obstacles are removed on or before 30 April 1991, the ANC shall consider the … 19 political and other organisations decide…
ArticleThe African Mine workers strike of 1946
… against the law, and some were sentenced to prison terms, or had to pay hefty fines. Faced by an intransigent Chamber … strikes by Africans illegal, and…
ArticleMass Democratic movements, 1976-1983
… to Mozambique. Several raids targeting areas frequented or used by MK as operational bases resulted in the death of … Morris Seabelo Rehabilitation Centre …
Speech by Nelson Mandela at the Zionist Christian Church Easter Conference Moria, 20th April 1992
… police and covert special forces, without hit squads or bands of vigilantes, overcame the mightiest state during … it from the mountaintops, that all people …
Reports of the Passive Resistance Councils: Natal and Transvaal 1946 - 1946
… the last five months we are in a position to judge whether or not we have reached the first objectives in our battle for … and freedoms to all people…
Extracts from Mandela’s speeches by Sapa, 6 December 2013
… their conscience is aroused, nor will they deter my people or the colleagues with whom I have worked before. "I am … the open veld, no longer tortured by the…
Freedom for Namibia by Toivo Herman Ja Toivo (1968)
… an ugly name to call us by. One’s own are called patriots, or at least rebels; your opponents are called Terrorists. A … the way we have can say whether our…
Document 51 - Leon Trotsky, Remarks on the Draft Theses of the Workers’ Party of South Africa, 20 April 1935
… not exclude, of course, either full equality for whites or brotherly relations between the two races (which depends … reason to close our eyes to this side…
Ahmed Kathrada pays tribute to Nelson Mandela, 6 December 2013
… quality reminds me of my first encounter with you in 1945 or 1946 at Ismail Meer’s Flat 13, Kholvad House in … What sticks in my memory is: Here I was, a…
Chapter 10 - Sharpeville and its aftermath
… now under tremendous pressure to respond to the mass mood, or be bypassed entirely. On 23 March Lutuli called for a one … office." [57] Moses Kotane , p…
Address of the President of South Africa, Thabo Mbeki at the European Parliament, Strasbourg: 17 November 2004
… "Natural History": "Ex Africa semper aliquid novi," or for those who have forgotten their high-school Latin: … "So what am I yakking about? No American…
Robert Sobukwe Inaugural Speech, April 1959
… and physical world, man appears to be either unwilling or unable to solve the problem of social relations between … them, whether that means the breakup of…
"Future of the Africanist Movement" Questions and Answers Y R. M. Sobukwe, in The Africanist, January 1959
… and physical world, man appears to be either unwilling or unable to solve the problem of social relations between … them, whether that means the break up of…
The first Bram Fischer Memorial lecture, delivered by President Nelson R. Mandela Market Theatre, Johannesburg, 9 June 1995
… Joel Joffe, to see how we had settled in and whether or not we stood by our decision not to appeal. I was … "Did you ask Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu, Govan…
Address of the President of South Africa, Thabo Mbeki, at a Joint Sitting of the Houses of Parliament on the Occasion of the 10th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Cape Town, 8 May 2006
… humiliation of homelessness, the indignity of joblessness or the marginalisation caused by illiteracy. We confidently … would ever again experience social…
The Segregation Fallacy and Other Papers - The Financial Strangulation of Native Education
… a great deal more than is realised by many who favour or oppose the education of the Bantu. Whether we like it or not the fact stands that if the Bantu are…
The melody of freedom
… show and dilemma South African musicians face of whether or not to make use of a valuable sounds from overseas (such … African history, some folk songs,…
ArchiveAll That Glitters - In the city by Emilia Potenza
… because white landlords who wanted to keep sharecroppers or rent tenants found ways of getting round the law. … migrant workers in the cities, on the mines…
PlaceRwanda
… of Hutu people who were either part of the opposition or who had refused to take part in the killings [vii] . The … who were fleeing famine and drought …
Chapter 2 - No equality under the Union Jack, 1900 - 1910
… not necessarily direct, we must have in some shape or form as taxpayers”. GUMEDE AND THE SOUTH AFRICAN NATIVE … being brought into the country, we wonder to…
Documentary Photography and Awakening the International Community, 1976-1994
… Guys" (photographers who were contracted by, or freelanced for, international publications or wire services) later edited two selections of photographs ……
ArticleThe 1956 Women’s March in Pretoria
… No further attempts were made to require permits or passes for African women until the 1950s. Although laws … of opportunity for all women, regardless of…
Passive Resistance in South Africa by O. R. Tambo - Extract from "Southern Africa in Transition by Davis, John A. and James K. Baker"(Pall Mall Press), London, 1966
… in 1952, the Campaign for the Defiance of Unjust Laws, or the "Defiance Campaign". [1] Before they were finally … relying on armed force as a means of…
Tell no Lies, Claim no easy Victories by Thabo Mbeki, 4 April 2016
… and strategic importance to any genuinely revolutionary or progressive process radically to change society for the … conduct of public affairs on the part of…
Chapter 12 - Blind alley of guerrillaism
… do so by eschewing violence." Black working people knew or sensed from generations of bitter experience that no … alone - unorganised, sporadic, isolated in…
ArticleGrade 11 - Apartheid South Africa 1940s to 1960s
… and unsafe conditions and were denied the rights to join or form trade unions. In the army only white people could … and unsafe conditions and were denied…
ArticleNatal Indian Association (NIA)
… by the Congress Committee and stated, ‘Constitution or no Constitution the meeting should give its fullest … [33] The following persons were elected to as…
Chapter 1: The 1971 Art South Africa Today Exhibition: Towards a Language of protest art
… works the titles and imagery of which satirise, criticise or refer to the South African government, its practices and … African art was not altogether…
ANC hard at work despite power failure and strike threat, 27 July 2009
… only be resolved through negotiations. No form of disorder or violence can resolve any wage dispute other than through …