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… in 1660, which brought to a close the first Dutch-Khoikhoi war in the Cape. It was to be the first of many wars waged by …

… of affairs led to increased tension and in 1880 the Gun War broke out. The result of the conflict was that Basutoland …

… . Report prepared for the General Staff, Great Britain War Office. London. MATTHEWS, Thomas . 1971. Tribal Painting …

… Black Nationalist Marcus Garvey. In the years after World War I, Garvey championed the cause of African independence, …

… to pray for peace in Eastern Pondoland where there was a war between the Xhosas and Zulus. The missionaries became …

… craftsmen, and an army of peasant, slave and prisoners of war labourers. This religious obsession of the upper classes …

… clutches will settle with you and, with them, the whole Boer nation, who are finding themselves in the Voortrekker … case was set down for hearing, but in September 1939, when war broke out, Grobbelaar joined the army and disappeared …

… 19th century and lasted until the start of the First World War. Driven by a desire for imperial prestige and resources, … British was interrupted by the advent of the First World War. The conflict in Europe affected Kenya, with many people … influx of European ex-soldiers after the conclusion of the war in 1918. [xi] Kenya’s role in the Second World War had a …

… prices. This issue continued to play out well into World War II where Britain's investment, imports, and government … Meanwhile, [10] Nigeria had entered into The Biafran civil war which Nwapa believed was, to a certain extent, actually … her job in Lagos and return to Eastern Nigeria during the war, it allowed her to witness the strength of the women in …

… all mass political action on the one hand, and the war of aggression being waged against the people of Angola on … over all the peoples of southern Africa. The vicious war of destabilisation being carried out by Pretoria's bandit … and peace on one side and those of racism, oppression and war on the other. How destructive that conflict will be we …

… the Staatsartillerie, which commenced after the Malaboch War of 1894, was reliant on the Experience and Knowledge of … and could be Commandeered for service in the event of War. This Commando System was based on the loosely-knit … method of recruiting able-bodied fighters in the event of War, required very little if any formal Military or Tactical …

… After over four centuries of Portuguese control and civil war, Mozambique gained independence in 1975, becoming the- … the country descended into an intense and protracted civil war lasting from 1977 to 1992. In 1994, Mozambique held its … was formed in 1962.  Frelimo waged a successful guerrilla war against the Portuguese colonisers from 1964 to-1974 . …

… for his courage to show us that in a time of strife and war, the lines are often blurred between collaborators and … of freedom. We must revisit his images in conflict and war zones to reject the self-appointed demagogues and advocates of violence and civil war. We must pay attention to the details in the faces he …

… in the city's development, like Paul Kruger , and the war cemetery where many Coloured soldiers are buried who died during the Second World War fighting in the Allied Forces. Important and well-known …

… interests in the country, culminating in a violent war. Britain won, restored the Khedival authority in Cairo, … protectorate’ over Ottoman-Egypt until the First World War. The British occupation saw an increase in archaeological …

… Resistance and do what men and women have done in the war just concluded - a war that was fought for democracy and decency." (Dr. Dadoo …

… the split decision in 1939 to take South Africa into the war, and by the disruption of the war effort. By 1948, there was growing irritation with …

… who may have been killed in the so-called nine-day war  near the end of South Africa's occupation of Namibia, …

… allegations that the former government had waged a dirty war against its opponents. Judge Jan Hugo concluded his …

… After a 22-year civil war in which 2. 5 million southerners died, South Sudanese …

… of leading her country from a devastating seven-year civil war, to peace under a sub-regional plan of the Economic …

… colony dating from 1915 at the time of the First World War. The occupation of the country by South Africa started in …

… drive had started to gain traction after World War Two, and they steered the country – then the Colony and …

… Corporations (SABC) broadcasts such as the Brittens War Requiem and on concert platforms as a soloist with major …

… Zimbabwe People’s Revolutionary Army’ (ZIPRA) during the war for the liberation of South Africa and Zimbabwe. The …

… Act of 1909, their treatment after the South African War and the numerous laws being passed that controlled and …

… British claims over his territory. By March 1878 drums of war were beating again in Sekhukhuneland. Captain Clarke who …

… The ship was carrying reinforcements for the 8th Frontier War . It is believed that the captain wished to disembark the …

… yes, warning that a “no” vote would mean a declaration of war against the majority. The Democratic Party (DP) also … during 1993. Endnotes ↵ [i] Anthea Jeffery, People’s War: New Light on The Struggle for South Africa (Jeppestown: … Ibid. ↵ [ix] Ibid, 440-441. ↵ [x] Anthea Jeffery, People’s War: New Light on The Struggle for South Africa (Jeppestown: …

… constituted a formidable barrier to the invaders, both Boer and British. Through his numerous correspondents. Dr. … the wounding of a chief to give the immediate signal for war””though indeed a war of destruction had been waging against the inhabitants of …