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ArticleAfrikaans: the Language of Black and Coloured Dissent
… movements, protests, theatre and hip-hop during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. Willemse cites an alternative history … … [A]partheid and National Party…
ArticleHistory Grade 11 - Topic 3 Contextual Overview
… of white supremacy in the early 1930s. [17] In the 1960s, white women were encouraged to have babies in …
Growth of African Nationalism and Defiance
The 1940s saw a growth of African nationalism that positioned itself to challenge the rising Afrikaner nationalism. The ANC which was weak in the 1920 and…
ArticleGrade 9 - Term 4: Turning points in modern South African History since 1948
… Expenditure on Bantu Education increased from the late 1960s, once the apartheid Nationalist government saw the need …
ArticleLiberation Struggle in South Africa
Although Apartheid only ‘officially’ started in 1948, repression was rife in South Africa long before that date. This special project examines the Freedom…
The historical significance of COSATU’s Workers’ Charter Campaign
Introduction During the late 1970s and early 1980s the issue of drawing up a Workers’ Charter became a leading item on the agenda of the South African labour…
ArticleOrganisation of African Unity (OAU)
… former envisioned grandeur. The turbulence of the early 1960s pressed the notion of African countries presenting a …
ArticleOvercoming Adversity from All Angles: The Struggle of the Domestic Worker during Apartheid by Bennett Gwynn
… (Cock 68). The second reason ties into the first. In the 1960s, when domestic workers first began to migrate to the …
ArticleHistory of elections in South Africa
Introduction The South Africa Act passed by the British Parliament in 1909 combined the self-governing British colonies of the Natal, Cape, Transvaal and…
ArticleGarment Workers Union (GWU)
Formed in 1928 by Emil Solomon (Solly) Sachs, this was a union of women factory workers that transcended barriers of colour and class. In the late 1920s and…
Biography of Arthur Nortje by Kangkang Yang
… and racism. State repression intensified in the 1960s while resistance attempts and protests failed. By the …
ArticleThe Youth Struggle
From the early years of colonial rule, South African youth had participated in various forms against the racist character of colonialism, oppression, and…
The Rise of Women’s Trade Unionism in South Africa by Peter LaNasa
This article was written by Peter LaNasa and forms part of the SAHO and Southern Methodist University partnership project Abstract: This essay discusses…
ArticleHistory of ‘New Age’ Newspaper
The Predecessor of this left-wing publication was The Guardian. The Guardian itself was founded in 1937 by trade unionists, university professors and some…
ArticleUnited Democratic Front (UDF)
The United Democratic Front (UDF) was an anti-apartheid body that incorporated many anti-apartheid organisations. It was launched in 1983, in Mitchells Plain…
Community histories of Rustenburg
… a long life, and passed away at the age of 102 in the 1960s. The main street in Rustenburg was named after her in …
Zulu Community
Late nineteenth century postcard of Zulu Warriors. Note the Europeans in the background. Source: Frescura Collection The pre-1994 apartheid system of…
Defining the term 'Bantu'
The following article is based on an essay from Kees van der Waal’s chapter in “Critical Essays on Afrikaans Places of Memory” The term ‘Bantu has gone…
ArticleCommemoration, remembering and memorialising June 16 Soweto uprising
Since the early 1990s, June 16, now known as Youth Day, has been remembered, commemorated, and memorialised as public history. There have been different ways…
Conflict among civic organisations
Civic organisations in the Western Cape, particularly in Cape Town did not share the same ideological stance, interests and outcomes. One of the major…
The Liberation Struggle in South Africa
The Liberation Struggle in South Africa homehomepolitics & governanceliberation struggleemerging…
ArticleAnti-Pass Campaign
In the latter part of 1959, PAC membership was still below expectations, and it became clear to the leadership that the movement would have to produce some…
ArticleAzanian People’s Organization (AZAPO)
In aftermath of the June 16 Uprising, the government cracked down on student activists and organisations alike. On 19 October 1977 the Black Consciousness…
State policies and social protest, 1924-1939
One of the most important developments in South Africa in this period was the formation of the Pact Government in which the push for independence from Britain…
ArticleApartheid and reactions to it
In 1948, the National Party (NP), representing Afrikaners, won the national election on a platform of racism and segregation under the slogan of 'apartheid’…
Article1973 Durban Strikes
Introduction On 9 January 1973, workers at the Coronation Brick and Tile factory, outside Durban, came out on strike. Immediately thereafter, workers from…
Polokwane an Overview
'Street soccer' game on a makeshift field, near Polokwane in the Limpopo Province. 2010. © Chris Ledowchowski The Limpopo Province was the scene of scores of…
ArticleHistory Grade 10 - Topic 4 Essay Questions and Answers
Shaka Zulu Legacy Essay questions on Shaka Zulu’s legacy will be asked as 8-mark questions where students have to use sources to answer the question. The…
Student Politics in the Era of Democracy
During the 1990-1994 period of political liberalisation and negotiations leading to the first democratic elections the South African Students Organisation …
ArticleThe African Union and Regional Economic Integration
… of independence which swept the African continent in the 1960s, integration schemes became an increasingly important …