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ArticleNelson Mandela Timeline 1980-1989
… of schools, beginning at Hanover Park. 10 March, At the Black Sash congress at the SA Institute of Race Relations , Bishop … building in the Batho township…
ArchiveBiography of Amina Desai by Cole Deal
… racist… complaining of having to share meals with a black woman (Dorothy Nyembe).”17 On top of being …
Chapter IV - Becoming an activist
… vote. It had been a short but bitter battle, in which the Black Sash also played its part. Later in the year came my first … into contact with the Garment…
ArticleThe formation of the SANNC/ANC
… of these constitutional discussions. In 1909, a group of Black delegates from the four provinces attended the South … law. The group comprised of South…
ArticleGrade 11 - Apartheid South Africa 1940s to 1960s
… and were often in favour of white people’s interests. Black and white people were not allowed contact in different … had well-resourced schools with better…
ArticlePass laws in South Africa 1800-1994
… in defiance. Passes in the Free State Large numbers of Black and Coloured people moved to Bloemfontein, the capital … The Basotho, under Moshoeshoe, the…
ArticleUniversity Christian Movement (UCM)
… Stutterheim in July 1968, 60 percent of the delegates were black. In retrospect, the significance of the UCM, which … degenerating into a segregated…
ArticleHistory of Women’s Struggle in South Africa
… significant for thee role played by women, particularly black women. Black men in the Cape Colony still had the vote (although a … 1993:117). White women’s…
ArticleGrade 12 - Civil Resistance in South Africa 1970s to 1980
… them is Antoinette Sithole. Image source The challenge of Black Consciousness to the Apartheid state See: http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/black…
ArchiveNotes on Letters from a Kindred Spirit: Ismail Mohamed by Roseinnes Phahle, August 2019
… Cape 1976: Delivered an address at a conference of the black consciousness oriented South African Students … the incipient militancy of students spurred on…
ArticlePort Elizabeth the Segregated city
… 3,650 in 1911 to 35,000. Almost all of the population was Black. This polarisation was reinforced by the Native Urban … municipalities to establish separate…
ArticleBizana and the Pondoland Revolt 1946 - 1962
… The system of Black authorities and the reforms brought about in the … the Pan Africanist Congress, who rejected the system of Black authorities because it…
ArticleAzanian Students Organisation (AZASO)
… (AZASO) was established in 1979 by students from five black universities and one college of education. AZASO, which … that adopted ANC policies and the…
ArticleMangosuthu Buthelezi: the Zulu nationalist who left his mark on South Africa’s history
… a century. He was one of the last of a generation of black South African leaders who influenced the transition … were the ten mainly rural, impoverished…
ArticleThe Women’s struggle Timeline 1905-2006
… a Kimberley schoolteacher, becomes the first South African Black woman to receive a Bachelor's degree. While on a choir … University in Cleveland. She also…
ArticleBantu education and the racist compartmentalizing of education
… to the apartheid government’s Bantu Education Act, 90% of black South African schools were state-aided mission schools. … themselves, with the result that…
The State of Art in South Africa Conference
… until all state-funded art institutions were open to Black as well as White students, and furthermore that Black artists would be supported to attend art…
BiographyKing Mzilikazi
… The territory of the Northern Khumalo was located near the Black Mfolozi River, squeezed between the lands of two strong …
BiographyDenis Theodore Goldberg
… London in 1995 to help to improve the living standards of black South Africans. With the support of German friends he …
BiographyReggie Vandeyar
… and the granting of bursaries to underprivileged black students. In addition, the Indian government agreed to …
BiographyPaul Weinberg
… started by the Institute of Race Relations to train young black youths in the arts. He worked for the Institute of Race …
ArticleOrganisations involved in Youth and the National Liberation Struggle
… Black Consciousness Movement South African Students Movement The South African Student Organisation (SASO) The Black People's Convention African Students…
ArticleAzanian People’s Organization (AZAPO)
… activists and organisations alike. On 19 October 1977 the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) and related organisations … were the South African Students'…
ArticlePan-Africanism
… emphasized the commonalities between Africans and black people in the United States. Delany, who believed that black people could not prosper alongside…
Defining the term 'Bantu'
… are instances where Bantu was used in a positive light by black people. In Umsebenzi, a 1940s ANC periodical, the … [9] . The term was therefore used to…
The War
… The Boers lost over 34 000 people. More than 15 000 black people were killed. The British government was … First Anglo-Boer War and more battles took place…
ArticleIndustrial and Commercial Workers Union (ICU)
… in 1923 - did not accomplish much to improve the lives of black South Africans. Short of funds and poorly organised, it … (now Malawi), the ICU started out…
ArticleThe Youth Struggle
… oppression, and segregation policies that subjected Black people young and old to indignity and inferior status. … where young people became aware of the…
ArticleThe History of Separate Development in South Africa
… of territorial segregation by forcing the majority of Black South Africans to live in reserves and making it … escaped this fate, living in small spots of…
The International Socialist League (ISL)
… progressives saw the importance of organising the growing Black working class. However, amongst this group there was still debate over the role of the Black…