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PlaceGrahamstown, now known as Makhanda
… pile plan, corrugated iron roof, rough plaster to walls, sash windows with raised margins, thick walls to back and … behold the execution of Henry Nicholls…
ArticlePass laws in South Africa 1800-1994
… in defiance. Passes in the Free State Large numbers of Black and Coloured people moved to Bloemfontein, the capital … The Basotho, under Moshoeshoe, the…
ArticleUniversity Christian Movement (UCM)
… Stutterheim in July 1968, 60 percent of the delegates were black. In retrospect, the significance of the UCM, which … degenerating into a segregated…
ArticleNelson Mandela Timeline 1980-1989
… of schools, beginning at Hanover Park. 10 March, At the Black Sash congress at the SA Institute of Race Relations , Bishop … building in the Batho township…
Chapter IV - Becoming an activist
… vote. It had been a short but bitter battle, in which the Black Sash also played its part. Later in the year came my first … into contact with the Garment…
ArticleHistory of Women’s Struggle in South Africa
… significant for thee role played by women, particularly black women. Black men in the Cape Colony still had the vote (although a … 1993:117). White women’s…
ArticleGrade 12 - Civil Resistance in South Africa 1970s to 1980
… them is Antoinette Sithole. Image source The challenge of Black Consciousness to the Apartheid state See: http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/black…
ArticlePort Elizabeth the Segregated city
… 3,650 in 1911 to 35,000. Almost all of the population was Black. This polarisation was reinforced by the Native Urban … municipalities to establish separate…
ArchiveNotes on Letters from a Kindred Spirit: Ismail Mohamed by Roseinnes Phahle, August 2019
… Cape 1976: Delivered an address at a conference of the black consciousness oriented South African Students … the incipient militancy of students spurred on…
ArticleBizana and the Pondoland Revolt 1946 - 1962
… The system of Black authorities and the reforms brought about in the … the Pan Africanist Congress, who rejected the system of Black authorities because it…
ArticleAzanian Students Organisation (AZASO)
… (AZASO) was established in 1979 by students from five black universities and one college of education. AZASO, which … that adopted ANC policies and the…
ArticleMangosuthu Buthelezi: the Zulu nationalist who left his mark on South Africa’s history
… a century. He was one of the last of a generation of black South African leaders who influenced the transition … were the ten mainly rural, impoverished…
ArticleThe Women’s struggle Timeline 1905-2006
… a Kimberley schoolteacher, becomes the first South African Black woman to receive a Bachelor's degree. While on a choir … University in Cleveland. She also…
The State of Art in South Africa Conference
… until all state-funded art institutions were open to Black as well as White students, and furthermore that Black artists would be supported to attend art…
ArticleBantu education and the racist compartmentalizing of education
… to the apartheid government’s Bantu Education Act, 90% of black South African schools were state-aided mission schools. … themselves, with the result that…
ArticleOrganisations involved in Youth and the National Liberation Struggle
… Black Consciousness Movement South African Students Movement The South African Student Organisation (SASO) The Black People's Convention African Students…
ArticleAzanian People’s Organization (AZAPO)
… activists and organisations alike. On 19 October 1977 the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) and related organisations … were the South African Students'…
BiographyKing Mzilikazi
… The territory of the Northern Khumalo was located near the Black Mfolozi River, squeezed between the lands of two strong …
BiographyDenis Theodore Goldberg
… London in 1995 to help to improve the living standards of black South Africans. With the support of German friends he …
BiographyPaul Weinberg
… started by the Institute of Race Relations to train young black youths in the arts. He worked for the Institute of Race …
BiographyReggie Vandeyar
… and the granting of bursaries to underprivileged black students. In addition, the Indian government agreed to …
ArticlePan-Africanism
… emphasized the commonalities between Africans and black people in the United States. Delany, who believed that black people could not prosper alongside…
Defining the term 'Bantu'
… are instances where Bantu was used in a positive light by black people. In Umsebenzi, a 1940s ANC periodical, the … [9] . The term was therefore used to…
The War
… The Boers lost over 34 000 people. More than 15 000 black people were killed. The British government was … First Anglo-Boer War and more battles took place…
ArticleIndustrial and Commercial Workers Union (ICU)
… in 1923 - did not accomplish much to improve the lives of black South Africans. Short of funds and poorly organised, it … (now Malawi), the ICU started out…
ArticleThe Youth Struggle
… oppression, and segregation policies that subjected Black people young and old to indignity and inferior status. … where young people became aware of the…
ArticleThe History of Separate Development in South Africa
… of territorial segregation by forcing the majority of Black South Africans to live in reserves and making it … escaped this fate, living in small spots of…
The International Socialist League (ISL)
… progressives saw the importance of organising the growing Black working class. However, amongst this group there was still debate over the role of the Black…
ArticleBloemfontein the Segregated city
… of decision making was governed by the state. Thus, a Black leader of a body could be appointed or relieved of his … matters, little was done within these…
ArticleBiography of Mongane Wally Serote by Matthew Williams
… that conveyed the suffering and anger of the oppressed black South African people. Despite being in exile and away … Serote, poetry, apartheid, African…