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Statement by Oliver Tambo accepting the Simon Bolivar award on behalf of Nelson Mandela, 24 July 1983, Caracas, Venezuela
The time comes in the life of all oppressed peoples that some among them should, as rebels, lay down their lives to affirm the very humanity of the oppressed…
WE HAVE THE KEY TO FREEDOM NOT THE OPPRESSOR, December 16, 1957
Albert Luthuli's Presidential Address to the Forty-fifth Annual Conference of the African National Congress, Orlando, Johannesburg, December 16, 1957 The…
Notes from Books
Jean Gelman Taylor, THE SOCIAL WORLD OF BATAVIA: EUROPEAN AND EURASIAN IN DUTCH ASIA. Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1983 The book…
Crucial Stage in the Struggle for Liberation of Southern Africa - Statement at the World Conference for Action against Apartheid by O. R. Tambo, Lagos, Nigeria, 23 August 1977
Mr President, Your Excellencies, Distinguished guests and delegates, In the evolution of mankind, humanity came to realise that life for each one of us…
PlaceCameroon
Cameroon is sometimes referred to as a “true African crossroads” not only because of its geographical position, but also because of the country's great variety…
ArchiveAppendix 7 South Africa, the transition to democracy and the banning of torture, by Denis Goldberg
My thanks to Professor Goerling for inviting me to present this paper to the conference on Torture and the Future. Torture has recently been often in the news…
Document 121 - A. Mon (M. N. Averbach), “The Colour Bar and the National Struggle for Full Democratic Rights”, Workers’ Voice, 1, 2, November 1944
From: South Africa's Radical Tradition, a documentary history, Volume One 1907 - 1950, by Allison Drew Document 121 - A. Mon (M. N. Averbach), "The Colour Bar…
Memorandum from Nelson Mandela to F. W. de Klerk, 26 June 1992
Document 23 26 June 1992 Introduction 1. The Declaration of intent which we adopted at Codesa 1 committed us to the established of a 'democratic South…
Closing address by President Neslon Mandela at the 49th National conferenceof the ANC Bloemfontein, 22 December 1994
Comrades, the ANC has held many national conferences in its history. One of these was the 1949 Conference, which was held here in Bloemfontein. That …
”On the Organisations of the African People”, from I. B. Tabata to Nelson Mandela, June 16, 1948
80 Harrington Street, Cape Town. 16th June, 1948 My dear Mandela, Now to the discussion on the question of organisation, which is every day assuming greater…
Chapter 9 - Division weakens the movement
From: Lessons of the 1950s By Richard Monroe, March-May 1984 Chapter 9 - Division weakens the movement During the 1950s Congress activists had built, if not…
III - Black Consciousness
From the book: No.46 - Steve Biko by Hilda Bernstein, 1978, South Africa What had Steve Biko done to be so persecuted by the police? Why did they pursue him…
Chapter 14 - Epilogue: lessons from the negotiating table
The new constitution is a celebration of the creativity of the South African people, for few, if any, other countries have been as successful in negotiating a…
The Broederbond by Norman Levy
This article was taken from the book The Final Prize by Norman Levy (Chapter 3) The Broederbond Just as it was the white man’s way to think and dream for the…
ArticleGrade 5 - Term 3: An ancient African society: Egypt
The Nile river and its influence on settlement The tomb of Tutankhamen Way of life in ancient Egypt The spread of Egypt’s knowledge Together we will learn…
ArticleThe Early Cape Slave Trade
The year 1658 marks the beginning of the slave trade at the Cape colony. During the first four years of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) settlement at the…
ArticleThe Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the Anti-Apartheid Struggle
Relations between Russia and South Africa In the late-19th century, Russia was engaged in rivalry with the British Empire, especially in Asia, and sought to…
Afrikaner Newspapers and the newspaper industry from 1830
Afrikaner newspapers were essential supports for Afrikaner nationalism, and from the 1870s onwards they were used to mobilise Afrikaners, and after 1914 to…
ArticleThe International Defence and Aid Fund (IDAF)
The International Defence and Aid Fund (IDAF) was established by Canon L John Collins of St Paul’s Cathedral in 1956. Its mission was to work towards a…
ArchiveMarikana: The blame game - A special report by Niren Tolsi and Paul Botes
Introduction On August 16 2012 the South African police shot and killed 34 striking miners at the Lonmin platinum mine in Marikana. Nearly three years later…
January 8th Statements - Statement of the National Executive Committee on the occasion of the 69th Anniversary of the ANC - 8 January 1981
Extend and Defend Our Revolutionary Gains! President O. R. Tambo`s January 8th, 1981, Statement. Compatriots and Comrades, Fellow-fighters for the…
ArchiveUmkhonto we Sizwe - Structure, Training and Force Levels (1984 to 1994) by Tsepe Motumi , African Defence Review No 18, 1994
INTRODUCTION In examining the history of Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) since its establishment in 1961, a number of distinct phases are discernible. Originally a…
PlaceAngola
Angola has a long and rich history, and is home to some of the largest historical kingdoms in Africa such as the Kingdom of Kongo or the Kingdom of Ndongo. The…
The Soul Of The ANC Under Attack by Frank Chikane
The Soul of the ANC is under severe attack not from external forces as we would have thought, but from its own members and leaders. At the beginning, and in…
ArchiveCHAPTER 5 - Armed Propaganda and Non-Colaborattion, Rationalising weakness, August 1979 - December 1980 by Howard Barell
Introduction The ANC had concluded in 1979 that it had to take one step back in the conduct of armed operations if it was eventually to be able to mount a…
ArchiveChapter 4 Political activity 1950-1963 by Denis Goldberg
Esmé was as active as I was and we enjoyed working together. One of our early activities was helping to organise non-racial youth camps over the Easter…
Extract from a speech made in the House of Assembly on 21 May 1962 during the second reading of the General Law Amendment Bill
When South Africa became a Republic, subversive elements intensified their attack on South Africa and her peoples. At this time Adv. Vorster perÂformed a…
Chapter 6 - Reform, Repression and Mass Resistance
The uprising of 1976-77 marked a watershed in political relations between the apartheid state and the dominated social groups. Henceforth, a combination of…
Sita - Memoirs of Sita Gandhi by Uma Dhupelia-Mesthrie
My Childhood at Phoenix Settlement I was born on 19th of October 1928 on my grandfather’s farm, which was fifteen miles away from the city, and in those days…
Reciprocal Bases of National Culture and the Fight for Freedom by Frantz Fanon, 1959
Colonial domination, because it is total and tends to over-simplify, very soon manages to disrupt in spectacular fashion the cultural life of a conquered…