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… Unions, the Communist Party and other labour movements in the struggle against Apartheid.  May Day , as we know it … old. Men, women and children forced to work long hours in miserable conditions just to eke out a living. These … for a ten-hour day as early as 1810, and instituted it in his socialist enterprise at New Lanark. For the rest of …

… his Test debut - for South Africa  vs Australia at Durban in their final series before their banishment from Test cricket. Born on 17 May 1947 in Zagazig, Egypt, Traicos returned to international cricket in 1992, aged 45, playing in Zimbabwe's first four Tests. The …

… Baker, replaced the original school which was established in 1858. It was declared a National Monument under old NMC … This building, broadly described as having been designed in an Edwardian style, was erected by the Synod of the Dutch … to commemorate the arrival of French Huguenot settlers in 1688. Its foundation stone was laid on 24 August 1899 and …

… better known as the Pretoria Iron Mines Ltd. It was there, in 1918, that cast-iron from indigenous ore was produced on a large scale for the first time in South Africa. Delfos became a major promoter of Iscor when it was established in 1928, and the company later developed about this …

… now prefers to be called) is located on an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, just off the West coast of … explorers who are believed to have settled there in 1462 [i] [ii] . Historically, the archipelago was used as … creating a unified state with Guinea-Bissau were abandoned in the 1980s [iv] .  Since 1991 Cape Verde has been a …

… Unions, the Communist Party and other labour movements in the struggle against apartheid.  May Day, as we know it, … and children were therefore forced to work long hours in miserable conditions just to eke out a living. These … for a ten-hour day as early as 1810, and instituted it in his socialist enterprise at New Lanark. For the rest of …

… Alexander Merensky and Heinrich Grützner started work in the north eastern part of the South African Republic in 1860. There were unsuccessful early attempts to evangelise the Swazi and in Sekhukhuneland. Merensky sought refuge amongst his …

… Nellie duToit was born on 17 December 1929 in Pietersburg (now Polokwane) into a musical family. Thus, … began to sing opera. After completing her school education in 1946, she enrolled for the Diploma in Opera Singing at the South African College of Music in …

… This study of "protest art" in South Africa for the period 1968 to 1976 presented me with several difficulties of research in relation to decisions regarding intention and tone. In examining a sketchily documented and - as I argue - little …

… 35 of 1906, which dealt with hawkers' licences, operated in the Cape in much the same way as the Dealers' Licenses Act in Natal. The following document reproduces a memorial …

… Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born on 18 July 1918 in the small village of Mvezo, in the district of Qunu near Umtata, Transkei (now known as Eastern Cape). Mandela became involved in politics while being a student at Fort Hare University …

… In 1900 British troops occupied Utrecht during South African … headquarters. The British were wary of having to camp in high altitude area where their health were going to be affected by the mounting heat in the sunny South Africa and Utrecht provided them with a …

… Congress did not sufficiently represent their interests. In their view, trader interests predominated in the Congress. They were disenchanted with the limits that … surfaced visibly when the S.A.I.C. decided to participate in the Colonisation Enquiry Committee. The colonial-born felt …

… Ethiopia, formerly Abyssinia, is a landlocked country in the East of Africa. It shares one of its borders with … , to the North East. The Ethiopian Kingdom was founded in the 10th Century (BC). Ethiopia is even documented in the King James Version of the Bible. Archaeologist have …

… on an investigation of vigilantes and political violence in KwaZulu-Natal, it is important to give an account of what the situation in KwaZulu-Natal constituted and what factors actually led to vigilantism and political violence in that region in the period 1985-1994. Another important …

… has died, aged seventy-nine. Lewin passed away at his home in Killarney, Johannesburg yesterday. Born in Lydenburg in 1939, to English missionary parents, Lewin attended Rhodes …

… Drakensberg, running North and South, join the main range in the North, forming a plateau from 2,700 to 3,200 metres, in elevation. This plateau is the centre of the … of the Caledon (Mohokare). Three other important rivers in Lesotho are the Senqunyane in the centre of the Country, …

… of the Congo (now known as Democratic Republic of Congo).  In 1951 Tshombé was elected to the advisory provisional … Belgian-supported Conakat, the strongest political party in Katanga. During the Brussels-Congo Conference held in 1960, Tshombe pressed for a loose federation of …

… and of Water Affairs and Forestry (1994-1999); is born in Stanger, Natal (now Kwa-Dukuza). His resistance against apartheid began in 1952 when he organized a school boycott in his area. This was in support of the Defiance Campaign of …

… and conditions of Mahatma Gandhi and Nelson Mandela in South Africa 1 by Nelson Mandela Gandhi threatened the … established the first anti-colonial political organisation in the country, if not in the world, founding the Natal Indian Congress in 1894. The …

… now entered the Valley. Roodepoort (meaning “red valley” in Afrikaans after the red soil found in this Area) is now a mix of: Residential Suburbs; Agricultural Holdings; Mining in the South of Roodepoort. There is some Commercial activity … <p> https://www.sa-venues.com/attractionsga/roodepoort.php/&nbsp /p> …

… port. The nine-day evacuation, the largest of its kind in history and an unexpected success, saved 338,000 Allied … defenders were a poor match for the German Wehrmacht. In a lightning attack, the Germans raced across Western … the British Admiralty called on all British citizens in possession of sea-worthy vessels to lend their ships to …

… Munnick Hertzog was born into a German immigrant family in 1866. He attended school in Kimberly and Stellenbosch, and completed a Bachelor's degree in England, as well as degree in law at the University of …

… Ocean Regional Air Navigation Conference taking place in this magnificent province of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban. As … here today that includes experts and technocrats in civil aviation, this gathering takes place under the … Regional Implementation Plan for Aviation Safety in Africa in the Africa-Indian Ocean (AFI) Region as adopted …

… of the Congo and the Gulf of Guinea. Upon independence in 1960, the former French region of Middle Congo became the … century of experimentation with Marxism was abandoned in 1990 and a democratically elected government installed in 1992. A brief civil war in 1997 restored former Marxist …

… The Dutch Reformed Kerk, Pretoria was established in 1854, when it separated from the Rustenburg congregation.  … Bosman Street where a new church building was inaugurated in 1904.  Today it is known as the Grootkerk.  This church has played an enormous part in the shaping of the Reformed Church tradition in and around …

… of 22 German Lutheran mission congregations established in the former Natal and Transvaal. The farm Kroondal, which was in existence since 1843, was registered in 1858 in the name of Jan Michiel van Helsdingen. A mission …

… arap Moi was first appointed to one of the African seats in Kenya's Legislative Council in 1955. Moi then won an elected seat on the council in 1957; he and other African council members became …

… This engine was manufactured in England in 1879 by the firm of Kitson and Co, of Leeds, and was … Railway. It is the oldest working steam locomotive in the country, and was declared a National Monument under …

… Spanish Guinea and Portuguese Guinea gained independence in that order and subsequently named themselves after the region. French Guinea, became Guinea in 2 October 1958. Spanish Guinea, became Equatorial Guinea in 1968. Portuguese Guinea, became Guinea-Bissau in 1973, …