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ArticleA Culture of Survival
It was a struggle to survive in the city. Workers' wages did not keep pace with the cost of subsistence, and most black families lived below the bread line. …
ArticleBlack Community Programmes (BCP)
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, after the banning of the ANC and PAC, the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) resuscitated the anti-apartheid struggle in…
The genesis of the armed struggle, 1960-1966
Introduction Sharpeville shortly after the shootings © Museum Africa. The 1960s marked an important watershed in South Africa's struggle against apartheid…
EventTatamkhulu Afrika South African poet, writer and struggle activist dies
Tatamkhulu Africa was born in As Sallum in Egypt as Mohamed Faud Nasif to an Arab father and a Turkish mother on 7 December 1920. His parents relocated to…
ArticleDevelopments leading to the New Dispensation
By the late 1970s, and especially as a result of the June 1976 uprising, the Apartheid government was forced to consider reforms to Apartheid policy, pressured…
Article1973 Durban Strikes – TUCSA – Harriet Bolton
Following the 1973, Durban strikes, TUCSA seemed unwilling to hold to book employers. TUCSA had long paid lip service to the ideal of African unions registered…
History of Muslims in South Africa: 1903 - 1923 by Ebrahim Mahomed Mahida
From the book: History of Muslims in South Africa by Ebrahim Mahomed Mahida 1903 South African Moslem Association 62 The South African Moslem Association was…
PlaceGallery 101
In 1961, the Swiss Fernand Francis Haenggi (b. 1934, Dijon, France) and his mother Mrs F.M.L. Haenggi founded Gallery 101 to showcase modern South African art…
Book 4: Industrialisation, Rural Change and Nationalism - Bibliography
From the book: Book 4: Industrialisation, Rural Change and Nationalism commissioned by The Department of Education Bonner, Philip. African Urbanisation on…
ArchiveRadio Freedom: A History of South African Underground Radio by Chris A. Smith
At seven p.m. sharp, seven nights a week, during the darkest days of apartheid, an incendiary radio broadcast beamed out from Lusaka, Zambia. It began with the…
ArticleYusuf Dadoo Timeline
The Yusuf Dadoo timeline includes the history of one the leading members of the South African communist movement. Starting at the beginning of the South…
David Goldblatt: oblique apartheid look by Kenneth Baker, 5 December 2012
"South Africa in Apartheid and After: David Goldblatt, Ernest Cole, Billy Monk," which opened at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art last weekend, will…
Pretoria the Segregated city
Contents Pretoria the Segregated city The Tomlinson Report Atteridgeville and Saulsville Hammanskraal Mamelodi Mabopane Laudium Eersterus …
PlacePretoria Art Museum
The Pretoria City Council started a permanent collection of paintings from artists such as the German Baroque painter Joachim von Sandrart (1606 – 1688), the…
ArticlePopular struggles in the early years of Apartheid, 1948-1960
Historians recognise the significance of popular struggles over the past 100 years. But debates among historians about their relationship to formal political…
EventGwala and Mothopeng are released from Robben Island
Two members of the banned liberation movements, Harry Gwala, a member of the African National Congress (ANC) and Zephania Mothopeng a member of the Pan…
EventIvory Coast's new prime minister, Daniel Kablan Duncan, takes office
After emerging as an independent country following French colonization, Ivory Coast came under the leadership of Félix Houphouët-Boigny. Known as the father of…
PlaceVolksrust, Mpumalanga
This Town is near the Land where the 'Battle of Majuba' was fought, where the Transvaal won independence from the British. It was decided suitable for a new…
ArchiveAt the Pompidou by Jeremy Harding, 26 April 2018
‘The South African labour market,’ Charles van Onselen writes in New Nineveh, ‘has always been dominated by … mining, agriculture and domestic service.’ Van…
ArticleTswana
(seTswana [language], baTswana [people]) The four major ethnic divisions among Black South Africans are the Nguni, Sotho-Tswana, Shangaan-Tsonga and Venda…
Dr Mamphela Ramphele interviewed by Rupert Taylor, 16 April 1998, Cape Town
… a sense in which the viciousness of the 1980s and early 1990s repression ‘required’ quote, unquote, white leadership. …
ArticleSASO Bannings
SASO came under increasing attack from the Government. In March 1973, eight Black Consciousness leaders were banned. In 1977, nine SASO members were sentenced…
PlaceRondebosch
In 1657 a group of four free burghers were granted land in an area south of Table Bay at the Cape of Good Hope. Jan van Riebeeck, the Dutch commander at the…
ArchiveIntroduction by Howard Barrell
ENEMIES DEPEND UPON EACH OTHER to sustain their wars and, if neither is a clear-cut winner in that process, no less so if they make peace. This was so on…
ArticleGangsterism in Sophiatown
Gangsterism is often characterized as anti-social behaviour frowned upon by polite sections of society. There is no doubt that the behaviour of gangsters like…
ArticleHow did the Nazis construct an Aryan identity?
Adolf Hitler, the leader of the Nazi Party, argued that the Germans was superior to all other races. Hitler became obsessed with 'racial purity' and used the…
ArticleTransvaal Indian Youth Congress (TIYC)
The Transvaal Indian Youth Congress (TIYC) was formed in Transvaal (now Gauteng) as the youth wing of the Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC) in 1945. Its…
Mandela and his three wives - Evelyn, Winnie and Graca by Sapa-AFP, 6 December 2013
In sharp contrast to Graca Machel and his feisty second wife Winnie, Mandela's first wife was a demure country girl who kept well away from politics. Like him…
Article1910-1924: African nationalism and working-class and popular protests
Introduction General Louis Botha headed the first government of the new Union of South Africa, with General Jan Smuts as his deputy. Their South African…
ArticleAfrican nationalism and working-class & popular protests, 1910-1924
General Louis Botha headed the first government of the new Union of South Africa, with General Jan Smuts as his deputy. Their South African National Party,…