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… Commonwealth 1912 African National Congress was formed. 1913 The Lands Act prohibited Africans from owning land …

… out of the "Tribal Reserves" carved out by the 1913 Land Act. Between 1960 and 1985, approximately 3.5 … forced removal  Sophiatown was established in 1904. Before 1913 black South Africans had freehold rights, and they … on good land which their forefathers purchased before the 1913 Land Act made this impossible. Then their land was …

… Many workers were forced to reindenture to avoid tax. By 1913, approximately two-thirds of workers were on second and … tax was abolished after the Passive Resistance Campaign of 1913 . Passenger Indians Indian culture and way of life …

… the actions ofthe gallant Rand miners and workers of 1913, 1914 and 1922. This in itself is not enough. We must …

… to form an identifiable petty bourgeoisie. The Land Act of 1913 and its complementary labour legislation were the tools …