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Article16 June 1976 - Soweto Uprising
… Expenditure on Bantu Education increased from the late 1960s, once the apartheid Nationalist government saw the need …
The Reunited National Party is founded by Malan and Hertzog
From the 1920s to the 1940s J.C. Smuts, J.B.M. Hertzog and D.F. Malan were the most prominent White politicians in South Africa. In 1933 Hertzog and Smuts…
EventNicolaas Johannes Diederichs, South Africa’s fourth state president, is born
Nicolaas Johannes Diederichs South Africa's fourth state president was born on 17 November 1903. After studying for his doctoral degree at the University of…
EventMalawi voters take part in the first multiparty election in three decades
Present day Malawi became the British colony of Nyasaland in 1890, after aggressive diplomatic conflict with Germany. In 1964, Britain released the colony and…
ArticleSotho (South Sotho or Basotho)
Sotho (South Sotho or Basotho) people are concentrated in the Free State, Gauteng and Eastern Cape Provinces, with small groups in Namibia and Zambia. While…
ArchiveCHAPTER EIGHT: Indian Resistance Politics In Transition, 1990-1996 by Kumi Naidoo
This chapter comes from the book
Bibliographical Data
In the preparation of the introductory essays in this volume, heavy reliance has been placed on the documents collected by the editors and the interviews conÂ…
Class, Consciousness and Organisation: Conclusion by Kumi Naidoo
This chapter comes from the book
ArchiveSishaywa Zimvula Nje, Simanikiniki Nje, Umhlol’Usekhaya – Reading Mafika Gwala in Times of Thunder and the Terror of the Elements by Sanibonani Molweni
Good afternoon Dumelang Hello Absheni! Hola! It is an honour to be with you this afternoon. The task at hand certainly daunts me. Yet, it is…
ArchiveMandela’s Democracy by Andrew Nash, 26 June 2013
The Tribal Model of DemocracyIn his speech from the dock, at his 1962 trial for inciting African workers to strike and leaving the country without a passport,…
Re-emergence of resistance, 1980-89
By the early 1980s, the Congress movement was becoming established as the most effective force in the fight against apartheid throughout the country. With the…
ArchiveThe Story of Jean Middleton by Grant Rohrmann
… paper and the SACP. Middleton joined the COD in the early 1960s. The COD launched in Johannesburg in January of 1953. …
Chapter 7 - CONCLUSION
From: The South African Communist Party In Exile 1963 - 1990 The Party, as an organisation, underwent a number of changes during the exile period, some of…
ArticleThe spread of these ideas to Europe and Australia
The indigenous inhabitants of Australia The continent of Australia was settled about 60,000 years ago. Before European settlement, most of the inhabitants of…
In the name of art - A reflection on fine art
Let these images be a tribute to the many artists who have died too soon and too young. Empraim gatane, Cyprian Shilakoe, Julian Motau, Thami Mnyele, and to…
The Colors of Resistance in Apartheid South Africa: Black Consciousness Poetry and the Racial Elusiveness of Wopko Jensma
The article analyzes Black Consciousness poetry of the 1970s and 1980s South Africa alongside the protest poetry of white South African poet Wopko Jensma. It…
PlaceVredehoek
… in countless photos, paintings and postcards. During the 1960s, the apartheid government held a firm grip over South …
ArticleYoung Communist League of South Africa (YCLSA)
The history of the Young Communist League (YCL) dates back to 1921, although the organisation observes 25 May 1922 as the date of its official formation…
The people armed, 1984-1990
Introduction 1985, Desmond Tutu, armed only with the bible under his arm, confronts the SA forces during their attempts to break up a demonstration…
Pan-Africanism was Peter Abrahams’ Country by Tyler Flemming (Africa is a Country), 13 February 2017
On January 18, the world lost an icon. Only much of the world did not know it. South African-Jamaican writer Peter Abrahams died at 97 in Jamaica, where he has…
Everyone must take responsibility, 21 August, 2012 - Sahra Ryklief
On Thursday August 16, 34 striking miners were shot dead by police at Lonmin’s platinum mine in Rustenburg. It is not yet clear why the police were using live…
EventANC celebrates its 79th anniversary in Durban
The African National Congress (ANC) celebrated its 79th anniversary in Durban on 8 January 1991 for the first time as a legal organisation. At the time of the…
The Industrial Workers of Africa, 1917-1921 by Bikisha Media Collective
The history of four years of the revolutionary multi-racial union in South Africa, the Industrial Workers of Africa, and the labour movement at the time. …
Interview with Oliver Tambo to New Times, 05 January 1980, Moscow
… against colonialism, racism and apartheid since the early 1960s. During these years the peoples have become united in …
O. R. Tambo Interviewed to New Times, Moscow, January 1980
… against colonialism, racism and apartheid since the early 1960s. During these years the peoples have become united in …
Liberation and Ethics. Is there a connection? by Raymond Suttner, 05 April 2016
… after pestering a man I knew over many months in the late 1960s and early 1970 to introduce me to the ANC and the SACP …
BiographyHorst Gerhard Hermann Kleinschmidt
Horst Gerhard Hermann Kleinschmidt was born on 17 October 1945 in Swakopmund, Namibia. At the age of four his family moved to Johannesburg where he grew up…
Chapter 9 - Conclusion
Josiah Gumede, 1867-1946: An Historical Assessment"Gumede and John Dube are the pioneers who were the inspiration and foundation upon which the new leaders…
BiographyNjinga Ana de Sousa
The history of Queen Njinga (or Nzinga) of Ndongo/Matamba is contested. Portuguese colonial historians and missionaries would emphasise her conversion to…
ArticleThe People’s Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN)
A Brief Overview The People’s Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) was an armed wing of the South West Africa People’s Organization (SWAPO), the major liberation…