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ArticleMangosuthu Buthelezi was a man of immense political talent and contradictions
… National Congress (ANC). The violence claimed nearly 20,000 lives during the last decade of racist National …
Book 6: Negotiation, Transition and Freedom - Bibliography
… Pietermaritzburg, University of Natal Press, 2003. 20. This and all other government reports mentioned in this …
ArticlePeople involved in Rivonia Trial 1963-1964
… the banning orders against me were lifted in February 1990, the day after Mandela’s release. By then it seemed to …
ArticleA history of Kwaito music
This genre of music started emerging in the 1990s. It is a mixture of a number of different rhythms from marabi of the 1920s, kwela of the 1950s, mbaqanga…
Journals
… it tended to be associated with Nationalist ideologies. By 1990, the editorial committee had persuaded the Bureau that …
EventDr Ali Bacher, director of the SACU, announces the shortening of the ‘rebel cricket tour ‘as a gesture of support for the country’s dramatic political changes
… Nations. They took place between the period of 1982 and 1990, a time when South Africa was banned from International Cricket. In 1990, when South Africa went…
EventHundreds of political prisoners began a hunger strike at Robben Island
… The release of Nelson Mandela on 11 February 1990 was a catalyst that sped up the change in the political dispensation in South Africa. On 4 March 1990 343…
EventThe "Battle of Andringa": violently separating Stellenbosch
Several Stellenbosch University students engaged in a fight with the town’s Coloured residents on the corner of Andringa and Plein Street in Stellenbosch. [i]…
The Battle of Square Hill
… Army Council via the Union Government. This was adopted on 20 September 1915, at a time when it is argued there was a … December 1915. [vi] Only unmarried…
ArticleThe Group Areas Act of 1950
… or held illegally without the correct permit, Section 20 of the GAA empowered the Minister to force the owner to … one month the Minister could sell it at…
EventNamibia’s constitution is ratified
… The acceptance of the Namibian constitution on 9 February 1990 established the Republic of Namibia. The independence … Namibia was a protectorate of South…
ArticleMahatma Karamchand Gandhi Timeline 1900-1909
… locations. Warns that plague may break out. February 20, Writes again to Medical Officer of Health on health … on Indians 18 years and over enforced in Natal…
ArticleBoeremag Treason Trial Timeline
… were recaptured, January 2007. Source: www.mg.co.za 2007 20 January,Gouws and Van Rooyen are recaptured, and are set … up the State’s case. 31 May,An attempt…
A Brief Commentary on the Question of HIV and AIDS by Thabo Mbeki, 7 March 2016
Towards the end of 2015 I sent the communication below to a fellow African to respond to some comments he had made on the matter of ‘Mbeki, HIV & AIDS’. We…
ArticleOliver Tambo Speeches 1971-1979
… 600-year Alliance Between Britain and Portugal ". London, 20 June 1973 1975 " Presidential Address by Oliver Tambo to …
ArchivePhotography and the Liberation Struggle in South Africa
… in expressive significance to prose, poetry and art.” 20 Acting as a “mimetic and prophetic” force, photography, … in South Africa , (Calgary: Detselig…
Political assassinations 1974 - 1994
… Allegedly ANC Abducted, escaped, shot dead the same day. 20 June Chesterville Muntu Khanyile, Joseph Mthembu, Sandile … Liberty Civic leader Stabbed after…
Chapter 1: Introduction
… Unions (COSATU) during the Easter of 1985, the release in 1990 of Nelson Mandela (ANC leader who was imprisoned for 27 … and the IFP failed, until the…
ArticleThe Landless People’s Movement
… plans for improving the Protea South shack settlement. [20] They won a second court case against the city a year … 2004, pp. 18-19) ↵ [10](Greenberg, 2004,…
ArticleWorld War I Timeline 1916
… colossal slaughter of men in military history. 15 July–20 July The Battle of Delville Wood, part of the Somme … the first time in the Battle of the Somme by…
References and links: Local History
… 12 January 2015]. ShowMe, (2014), “Pretoria and 20 Years of freedom” from ShowMe, 12 December [online], … at http://showme.co.za/pretoria/tourism/pretoria…
Chapter 4 - Removing the obstacles
… The years 1990 and 1991 were as important as they were eventful. The … meeting between the ANC and the government began on 2 May 1990 at Groote Schuur in…
‘Ubuqaba’ and ‘UbuGqobhoka’: Reading Zakes Mda’s Heart of Redness through a Post-Developmental lens by Rachel Fenton
‘Ubuqaba’ and ‘UbuGqobhoka’: Reading Zakes Mda’s Heart of Redness through a Post-Developmental lens Rachel Fenton ‘Politics and the Novel’ January 2015 …
ArchivePostscript Ante by Howard Barrell
… In July 1990, five months after the South African government had … been joined inside the country by Ronnie Kasrils in early 1990, a few weeks before the ANC…
Art Matters by Suzanne P. Blier, 05 December 2014
… spaces. These events took me back to a difficult 20-plus years fight to bring African art into equal footing …
EventClarence Makwetu announces the PAC’s suspension of its armed struggle
The Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC) president Clarence Makwetu announced the PAC's suspension of its armed struggle, thus opening the way for election…
EventTrevor Manuel, Minister in The Presidency: National Planning Commission, is born
… UDF and was banned from attending meetings until 31 August 1990. Following the unbanning of the ANC in 1990, Manuel was appointed as its deputy co-ordinator…
ArticleConstitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996
… pass laws in Sharpeville , Vereeniging. On 2 February 1990 the National Party (NP) government unbanned political …
Work and education
Primary and Secondary Education Rhulani crèche and classroom. Northern Province. © Omar Badsha The biggest challenge the first post-apartheid government was…
EventPresentation of South African National budget of 1991
… Domestic Products (GDP), which had fallen by 1 per cent in 1990, with a further fall expected in 1991. Du Plesis further … responsible for combating an…