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ArticlePopular struggles in the early years of Apartheid, 1948-1960
Historians recognise the significance of popular struggles over the past 100 years. But debates among historians about their relationship to formal political…
ArticleStates of Emergency in South Africa: the 1960s and 1980s
One of the key instruments used by the apartheid government to neutralise political dissent was the State of Emergency (SOE). In periods when the government…
BiographyJudith Mason
Born Judith Seelander Menge on 10 October 1938 in Pretoria, Judith Mason is one of the most well known South African artists. She matriculated from the…
ArticleCommunism in Russia 1900 to 1940
How was communism applied in Russia under Lenin and Stalin? Background and Focus In this topic, as well as the next, the rise of the two economic systems…
The Treason Trialists, 1956
Name Adams, Farid Ahmed Arenstein, Mrs. Jacqueline Asmal, Mohamed Suleman 'Bob' Baard, Mrs. Frances …
BiographyHarriette Emily Colenso
… to return to Zululand. Following Bambata's Rebellion in 1906, she again argued the case for Dinuzulu's exoneration, …
ArticleSouth African Constitutional Development Timeline 1902 - 1997
1902 31 May, The Peace Treaty of Vereeniging ends the Anglo-Boer War that began in 1899. The Treaty is signed between Boer and British leaders. 1908 12…
BiographyClarence Mlami Makwetu
Clarence Mlami Makwetu was born on 6th December 1928 in Hoyita, in the Cofimvaba district, Transkei. He was the second of five children of Minah and Gqongo…
Archive1946 : 70 000 miners strike : twelve killed : 1986 : Viva NUM
Red poster with yellow lettering. Words - Nationalise the mines - in yellow letters against black and white image of workers protesting. Image of miner wearing…
Chapter 2 - Resistance Photography and Mobilization of the Resistance, 1946-1976
ArticleThe Langa March, 30 March 1960
On 30 March 1960, Philip Kgosana led a Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) march of between 30.000-50.000 protestors from Langa and Nyanga to the police headquarters…
The Triumph of the Radicals, 1939-1946
< Menu page < 6. The Moderates' Eclipse | Conclusion > CHAPTER IV The Struggle for Power: The Triumph of the Radicals, 1939-1946 7. Events leading up…
BiographyWilliam H. "Bill" Andrews
William H."Bill" Andrews was born in Suffolk, England, on 20 March in 1870 into a working-class family,he left school at the age of 13 years old,he immigrated…
BiographyHelen Kies
Helen Kies (née Abrahams) was born around 1926 in Athlone, Cape Town, Western Cape. Despite a very poor childhood, her father ensured that she received an…
Artist groups and educational facilities (1960-1980)
Due to the apartheid racial classification systems, many black artists were not allowed to further their education and attend formal learning facilities such…
ArticleA history of the South African Constitution 1910-1996
The New Constitution was negotiated between May 1994 and October 1996 in the country's first democratically elected convention, the Constitutional Assembly…
BiographyJotello Festiri Soga
… (SAVA). Dr Jotello Festiri Soga died on 6 December 1906 (at forty-one years old) in Amalinda from an overdose of … 22 June 2021) Lewis, J. (2019). Jotello…
BiographySuliman (Solly) Mahomed Nathie
Born in 1918, he was a businessman in Evaton and played an active role in the Evaton bus boycott of 1955 to 1956. He had earlier been jailed for participation…
Ida Fiyo Mntwana
Ida was born in 1903 and worked as a dressmaker. She was the first president of the African National Congress Women’s League and a leader of many mass women’s…
ArticleUnited Nations and Apartheid Timeline 1946-1994
1946 22 June, The Government of India requested that the question of the treatment of Indians in the Union of South Africa be included in the agenda of…
Article1960 - 1994: Armed Struggle and Popular Resistance
1984-1990:- The people armedIntroductionNumerous factors characterised the intensification of the freedom struggle against the National Party government in the…
BiographyPrince Senzangakhona James Mahlangu
Prince Senzangakhona James Mahlangu, the second son of the king of the Ndebele, Ndzundza-Mabhoko King Mabusabesala II, and Queen Johanna Selepi, was born on…
ArticleThe 1956 Women’s March, Pretoria, 9 August
‘Strijdom, you have tampered with the women, You have struck a rock.' So runs the song composed to mark this historic occasion. By the middle of 1956…
ArticleGrade 11 - Apartheid South Africa 1940s to 1960s
The global pervasiveness of racism and segregation in the 1920s and 1930s During the 1920s and 1930s, there were discriminatory policies in different parts…
BiographyRowley Israel Arenstein
Rowley Israel Arenstein was born on 7th of July in 1918. Arenstein was a prominent Durban attorney,the son of immigrant eastern European jews and a leader of…
BiographyJames Barry Munnik Hertzog
James Barry Munnik (JBM) Hertzog was born in Soetendal Wellington on the 6 th of April 1866. Hertzog was the eighth child of Johannes Albertus Munnik Hertzog,…
BiographyAlexander Lionel Boraine 'Alex'
Dr Alexander (Alex) Lionel Boraine was born in 1931 in Cape Town, Western Province. In 1950, at the age of nineteen, Boraine started his career as a Methodist…
ArticleIndian Passive Resistance in South Africa: 1946 - 1948
1946 Passive Resistance Campaign Introduction ↵ An acute labour shortage forced White settlers in Natal to plead to the Indian Government to send its…
BiographyEnoch Mankayi Sontonga
Enoch Mankayi Sontonga was born in Uitenhage, Eastern Province (now Eastern Cape) around 1873 as a member of the Xhosa-speaking Mpinga clan of the Tembu tribe…
BiographyVincent Joseph Gaobakwe Matthews
Vincent Joseph Gaobakwe Matthews born in Durban, on 17 June 1929, Matthews was one of five children of Frieda and ZK Matthews, a professor, academic lawyer and…