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ArticleForced removals on Highveld and "black spots", 1912-1991
… at Boons or Molote. This feature explores the history of Bakwena ba Mogopa, who, on the eve of the promulgation of the Natives Land Act of 1913 bought the…
The Cape Northern Frontier
… more land to cultivate in order to meet the requirements of the service post set up by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) at the Cape of Good Hope. Expansion…
Why is sexual violence so endemic in South Africa and why has it been so hard to combat? by Jessica Clarke
… itself is progressive but that the implementation of these rights is significantly hindered for numerous reasons. Firstly, the example of Zulu culture and…
ArticleThe World and South Africa when Nelson Mandela was born
… Nelson Mandela was born into a world of war, revolutionary upheaval and a worldwide influenza … end in sight. In January General T.E. Lawrence led an army of…
ArticleWhat was the Great Depression and why did it start in the USA?
… The depression was caused by a number of serious weaknesses in the economy. Although the 1920s … faced low prices and heavy debt. The lingering effects of…
Background to the Freedom Charter 1955
… (ANC) abandoning its traditional reliance on tactics of moderation such as petitions and deputations. In December 1949, with the support of the ANC Youth…
ArticleNamibian Timeline
… Artefacts in a site known as 'Gemsbok' in the north of the Orange River near present day Oranjemund is dated to … years …
ArticleThe 1st Johannesburg Biennale
… artistic exchange and dialogue after the Cultural Boycotts of the Isolation Years, the first Johannesburg Biennale … from 28 February – 30 April 1995,…
From Segregation to Apartheid
… achieved by the White minority in the first four decades of the 20th century were, by the 1940s, increasingly under … crisis was brought to a head by the…
The Boerenvereenigingen: precursor to the Afrikaner Bond
… In the 1870s a series of farming associations emerged in the Cape, both in the west … vereenigingen (Afrikaner farming associations) were one of the first…
ArticleAfrica: Colonialism, Arts, Protest & Independence
… Liberia are recognized as independent entities. Partition of West Africa and East Africa 1896 Ethiopia, under Emperor … Menelik II, defeats invading Italian…
Political changes from 1750 to 1820
… Britain takes control of the Cape Once revolutionary armies of France invaded Holland in 1795, the British feared that the French would take control of the…
ArticleYusuf Dadoo Timeline: 1960 - 1969
… for sporting, cultural, academic and economic boycott of South Africa. March 19, The Pan-African Congress (PAC) … March. March 21, The bloodiest massacre in…
The Freedom struggle: Political mobilisation in Port Elizabeth
… The Eastern Cape is regarded by many as the cradle of Black resistance against White oppression. After the defeat of the Xhosa by the British in the frontier…
Article50 Facts on Africa
… In the modern-day world the view people are given of Africa is often a narrow one. In this piece we present 50 … Thinkers In the modern-day world the view…
Pretoria the Segregated city
… city Post-1948 Legislation This period marks the beginning of the rise of apartheid. Although South Africa was already a very … the non-White population…
The people armed, 1984-1990
… Numerous factors characterised the intensification of the freedom struggle against the National Party government … in the armed struggle combined with mass…
Article1960 - 1994: Armed Struggle and Popular Resistance
… Numerous factors characterised the intensification of the freedom struggle against the National Party government … in the armed struggle combined with mass…
ArticleuMkhonto weSizwe (MK)
… 1961, Umkhonto weSizwe (MK) was launched as an armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). The formation of the MK Umkhonto weSizwe ("Spear of the…
ArticleSASO till SASCO
… 1 SASO is officially inaugurated at the Turfloop campus of the University of the North (UNIN) with Steve Bantu Biko as its first … as Secretary. 1970 July…
ArticleStudent Politics: SASO till SANSCO
… SASO is officially inaugurated at the Turfloop campus of the University of the North (UNIN) with Steve Bantu Biko as its first … as Secretary. 1970 July, The…
ArticleTowards a people’s culture - Art and Resistance under Apartheid
… Art in the state of siege The Sharpeville Massacre was one of the most important turning points in the history of South Africa. It triggered a chain of…
ArticleThe Cordoned Heart
… South Africa: The Cordoned Heart is considered as one of the seminal photographic exhibitions and books of the 1980’s. The exhibition and book was a product…
ArticleNelson Mandela Timeline 1970-1979
… and 21 others, who were detained under the Suppression of Communism Act, in May 1969, are acquitted. Three are … at the Pretoria Central Prison under Section…
ArticleLiberation history Timeline 1960-1969
… The 1960s witnessed the banning of both the ANC and the PAC in the aftermath of the Sharpeville Massacre. In response to the banning, both … jointly set up…
ArticleMapungubwe
… The ancient city of Mapungubwe (meaning 'hill of the jackal') is an Iron Age archaeological site in the … years ago, Mapungubwe appears to have been the…
ArticlePort Elizabeth Timeline 1799-1986
… troops in Algoa Bay. Construction begins on the building of Fort Frederick. 1803 Founding of Bethelsdorp. 1804 25 April, Proclamation issued creating the…
ArticleGarveyism: Early 1900s philosophy
… Marcus Garvey, preaching the unity of all blacks, claimed that liberty would come about only through the return of all Afro-Americans to their ancestral…
ArticlePolitical executions in South Africa by the apartheid government 1961 - 1989
… On 9 June 1983, three members of the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC), uMkhonto we Sizwe … were charged with treason, with alternative…
ArticleBlack Community Programmes (BCP)
… In the late 1960s and early 1970s, after the banning of the ANC and PAC, the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) … in South Africa – at first through the…