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BiographyJohn Langalibalele Dube
John Langalibalele Dube was born at Inanda Mission station of the American Zulu Mission (AZM) in Natal on 22 February 1871 to James and Elizabeth Dube. …
ArticleAfrica Timeline
100 000 BC Humans begin to migrate from Africa to other parts of the world 8500 BC – 6500 BC In the Sahara Desert region, the people develop the use…
"Attack, Advance, Give the Enemy No Quarter!" by O. R. Tambo, Message of the National Executive Committee of the ANC on the 74th Anniversary of the ANC, 8 January 1986
… working to ensure that these zones multiply in number to cover our country in its entirety. To retain the …
Say It out Loud - The Education Bill, 1906
… all probability be very so small consequently the fees to cover one-third of the whole expenditure must necessarily be …
January 8th Statements - Statement of the National Executive Committee on the occasion of the 74th Anniversary of the ANC - 8 January 1986
… working to ensure that these zones multiply in number to cover our country in its entirety. To retain the strategic …
ArchiveUmkhonto we Sizwe - Structure, Training and Force Levels (1984 to 1994) by Tsepe Motumi , African Defence Review No 18, 1994
… to a future national defence force. The processes outlined cover a period marking the end of MK as a guerrilla army …
Testimony by Moosa Muhammed Moolla before the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Commission on Human Rights, Dar es Salaam, 22 June 1967
… police. His body was thrown out of the window and, as a cover-up story, it was stated that the man committed suicide. …
Polokwane the Segregated city
Contents The Segregated City, 1910-1948 The Apartheid City A decade of Turbulence, 1976-86 Ructions within Afrikaner Politics Forced removals in the…
Speech by President Nelson Mandela at a banquet in honour of President Nujoma of Namibia Cape Town, 13 May 1996.
On a winter's day in 1976 more than 20 000 pupils from the African township complex of Soweto began a protest march against a Bantu Education Department…
ArticleThe International Criminal Court: Origins, Jurisdiction and the ‘African Bias’
ICC Origins In the aftermath of the Second World War (1939-1945) the international community recognised the need to deal with mass atrocities – particularly…
ArticleSonghai, African Empire, 15-16th Century
Overview, West Africa and the rise of the Songhai Empire West Africa is home to many of Africa's oldest kingdoms. These kingdoms played an important role in…
ArticleDecember 16 and the Construction of Afrikaner Nationalism
The date, December 16, holds a special significance in South African history. On this day in 1838, the Voortrekkers fought a battle for survival against…
The search for Peter Johnson’s story
In 1975, Peter Johnson, joined the ranks of the uMkhonto we Sizwe and disappeared into exile. Nearly a decade later, on the 26 October 1984, Johnson, now known…
ArticlePlacing the film “Inxeba – The Wound” in Historical Review
Story Synopsis Inxeba is essentially an intersectional story about three Xhosa men that is told in the setting of the mountains of the Eastern Cape during a…
ArticleIndustrial and Commercial Union Timeline 1919-1989
1919 The Industrial and Commercial Union (ICU) is formed in Cape Town after World War I, with a membership of 24. The Industrial and Commercial Union (ICU)…
Increasing repression and the turn to the armed struggle
A series of legislations were passed by the NP led government in the 1950s as it sought to deal with dissent and entrench apartheid. Leading political…
ArticleDefinition of Natural and Cultural heritage sites
There are two types of World Heritage Sites. The first represents cultural and the second natural heritage. Cultural sites Cultural heritage sites have…
The Children’s Charter
Children’s rights and responsibilities In any society, it is very important that children are protected and cared for. Children are vulnerable members of…
ArticleNelspruit an Overview
Until the coming of democracy, Nelspruit was a small town that functioned mainly as a hub of transport for agricultural products that were transported to…
The genesis of the armed struggle, 1960-1966
Introduction Sharpeville shortly after the shootings © Museum Africa. The 1960s marked an important watershed in South Africa's struggle against apartheid…
Speech to the ANC Rally at Soccer City by O. R. Tambo, Johannesburg, 16 December 1990
Mr. Chairman, Members of the National Executive Committee of the ANC, Comrades and friends, Compatriots, I came on Thursday, having spent a whole week…
ArticleThe Landless People’s Movement
In July 2001, The Landless People's Movement (LPM) was formed by leaders of various landless people of South Africa in response to evictions of farm workers…
ArticleBecoming human in southern Africa
Human settlement in South Africa Modern humans have been inhabiting South Africa for more than 100 000 years. As a matter of fact, the Cradle of Humankind, or…
ArticleCapitalism in the USA 1900 to 1940
How did the Great Depression in the USA bring about a crisis of capitalism? Background and focus It is important to understand that the focus of THIS section…
Article”People’s Power!”, 1986
In January 1986, the UDF met the African National Congress (ANC) for talks in Stockholm. It was at these talks that the position and future role of the UDF…
Robben Island
Unesco declared Robben Island in the Western Cape a World Heritage Site in 1999. Robben Island is located in Table Bay, some 6km west of Bloubergstrand, and…
ArticleThe African Students Association (ASA)
The African Students Association (ASA) was established on 17 December 1961 in Durban under the auspices of the banned African National Congress (ANC). At the…
ArticleThe Western Front
At the outbreak of the First World War, Germany put into operation the Schlieffen Plan. This plan was based on the assumption that in case of a war breaking…
The armed struggle and state repression of the 1960s
A turning point in the struggle against apartheid came about in the 1960s. This change was the result of combined elements, including the formation of the PAC,…
ArticleTransport in the air
Ancient stories tell of people's desire to fly like a bird. The Greek myth about Icarus and Daedalus is one of the most famous stories. According to the story,…