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ArticleThe South African Society of Artists and its exhibitors, 1902-1950
This catalogue and exhibition celebrate the founding, over 100 years ago, of the oldest surviving body for practising artists and the "advancement of art" in…
PlaceMali
… districts are grouped. The population of Mali (2020) was 20,250,833 people, according to United Nations Data. Life … is still comparatively low. This has…
Indian education in Natal
… which was attended by both Natives and Indians. 1867 20 September, Lieutenant Governor Keate in Despatch Number 47 … which was attended by both Natives and…
ArticleuMkhonto weSizwe (MK) in exile
… R, The politics of national security in Botswana: 1900–1990, in the Journal of Contemporary African Studies, Volume … raid on Gaborone, from the Independent…
ArticleJune 16 Youth Uprising casualties
… Killed by migrant workers Botha, Neville, J.G. Retreat 20 8.9.76 Shot in stomach from front Buba, Lawrence Philippi … 11.8.76 Shot in chest from front…
ArchiveAfrican National Congress Consultative Conference: Speeches and Resolutions
… Consultative Conference in Johannesburg, December 14-16, 1990. Includes speech by Oliver Tambo, keynote address by … Tambo at a public rally in Johannesburg,…
Vasco da Gama’s Voyage of ‘Discovery’ 1497
… for Calicut in India and anchored on the Malabar Coast on 20 May 1498. There, Muslim traders swayed the Hindu ruler … death. The Portuguese squadron sailed…
EventMembers of the ANC and SACP are detained due to Operation Vula
… On 25 July 1990 government security forces detained approximately forty … at home and in prison. With the unbanning of the ANC in 1990, a decision was taken…
BiographyGovindasamy Krishnasamy Thambi Naidoo
… that led to the amendment of the Asiatic Act (Act No. 20 of 1907). The essence of the compromise was a plan for …
BiographyAhmed Timol
… successfully distributed pamphlets for a period of 18 to 20 months without being caught. In this period, Timol was …
James Stewart - the ANC fighter who spoke truth to power by Martin Plaut, 1 February 2016
… at the Kabwe conference and remained a member until 1990. In 1986 he participated alongside Tambo, Thabo Mbeki … A documentary History of South African…
ArticleThe British Anti-Apartheid Movement
… Movement. At the Boycott Committee’s meeting of 20 April 1960, the minutes reflected the name change. Yusuf … rebel cricket tour by a team captained by Mike…
Grade 4 Archive
… converted to Christianity every day and in Nigeria about 20 new religious sects or groups come into being every month. …
ArticleLiberation Struggle in South Africa
Although Apartheid only ‘officially’ started in 1948, repression was rife in South Africa long before that date. This special project examines the Freedom…
ArchiveA Crime Against Humanity - Analysing the Repression of the Apartheid State edited by Max Coleman
… 6. Covert operations Part B: The cracks appear 1988-1990 7. Apartheid power in crisis Part C: The era of destabilisation 1990-1994 8. A new total…
Down with Afrikaans - Oakes, D. (ed)(1988). Illustrated history of South Africa – The real story, Reader’s Digest story: Cape Town.
… discussions at the Presidency, Pretoria, today 6 August 1990. 1. The Government and the ANC have again committed … of the Working Group on political offences…
ArticleCongress of South African Students (COSAS)
… (MDM) in August 1989, COSAS unbanned itself. On 2 February 1990, President F.W. de Klerk announced the release of Nelson Mandela and unban of liberation…
ArchiveAssia Djebar: A Life of Resistance and Inspiration by Logan Landry
… L’Amour la fantasia (Fantasia: An Algerian Cavalcade). In 1990, she became a member of the jury for the Neustadt … tradition and modernization” (Assia Djebar…
EventMiriam Makeba returns to South Africa
… This Day in History: 10 June 1990 Miriam Makeba returned to South Africa on 10 June 1990 after 31 years in exile. Known as Mama Africa , she had … rule…
ArticleCode Name Rae book launch soon
… sent to Angola. Pillay returned to South Africa in 1990, having spent 12 years in exile. Rajes passed away on 29 …
ArticleFreedom Charter timeline 1948-1961
… to call a national one-day stay at home protest on 26 June 20 June, Communist Party of South Africa is disbanded ahead … is endorsed by the ANC annual…
ArticleIndian South Africans timeline 1900-1909
… and purchasers at the morning market' (Bhana and Brain 1990: 107). The Immorality Amendment Ordinance, Act No. 16 of … imprisonment with hard labour. All…
EventNelson Mandela is elected Deputy President of the ANC
… In 1990, at the opening of parliament, former state president … from Zambia to Johannesburg, South Africa. On 11 February 1990, Mandela was released from…
EventAt least 150 people die in clashes between the ANC and IFP
… Between 1985 and 1990, political violence was a common occurrence in South … resulted in the death of at least 150 people on 15 August 1990. A third force…
EventReconciliation talks between F.W de Klerk and Nelson Mandela are rescheduled due to violence in Sebokeng
… On 5 April 1990, at an informal meeting in Cape Town , President F.W. de … in the southern Gauteng (then Transvaal) area, on 26 March 1990. After F.W de…
Zulu Community
Late nineteenth century postcard of Zulu Warriors. Note the Europeans in the background. Source: Frescura Collection The pre-1994 apartheid system of…
Article1973 Durban Strikes
Introduction On 9 January 1973, workers at the Coronation Brick and Tile factory, outside Durban, came out on strike. Immediately thereafter, workers from…
Draft constitution of the ANC
… arising out of this decision to report by 15 September 1990. Both sides once more committed themselves to do … possible to submit a final report by the 15th…
ArchivePhoto of Nelson Mandela
… photograph of Nelson Mandela. Words Saamstaan Maart 1990. Reverse side of folder 2110-P001. Release of Nelson … is the United Nations Press Release of 2nd…
ArticleGrade 9 - Term 2: The Nuclear Age and the Cold War
… beside the U.S. flag during the Apollo 11 mission on July 20, 1969. Image source In 1959, the Soviet space program took … art of the USSR separated and…