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ArticleSonghai, African Empire, 15-16th Century
Overview, West Africa and the rise of the Songhai Empire West Africa is home to many of Africa's oldest kingdoms. These kingdoms played an important role in…
Rustenburg the Segregated city
Rustenburg the Segregated city Towards Union The Afrikaner character of the town persisted after Union in 1910, and there was little to attract other…
Letter on plans for June 26, from the Rev. J. J. Skomolo to Professor Z. K. Matthews, June 16, 1950
St. Peter's Mission 16-6-50 My dear Chief; I am writing you a private letter. The national executive has agreed on the sit down strike on June the 26th…
ArticleSouth Africa before and in the build up to 1899
A number of interrelated factors led to the South African War. The factors that have been covered in the text below include; the conflicting political…
ArticleLand Restitution in South Africa since 1994
Land restitution is one of the key issues since South Africa achieved democracy in 1994 and as such an overview of what has been achieved since the…
Document 29 - Letter from S. P. Bunting to E. R. Roux, 5 December 1928
From: South Africa's Radical Tradition, a documentary history, Volume One 1907 - 1950, by Allison Drew Document 29 - Letter from S. P. Bunting to E. R. Roux, 5…
ArticleThe Conflict between the AZAPO and the UDF - popular violence in the 1980s and 1990s
Popular violence in the decade between 1984 and 1993 is well documented. Existing literature on this brutally violent chapter in the history of the liberation…
ArticleCongress of South African Students (COSAS)
The Congress of South African Students (COSAS) was established in June 1979 as a national organization to represent the interests of Black school students in…
ArticleEarly African Civilisations: Ancient Egypt, Nubia and Swahili
Ancient Egypt The ancient Egyptian civilisation grew for thousands of years intact because the Nile River Valley and Mediterranean and Red Sea border kept…
ArticleBoipatong massacre - 17 June 1992
On 17 June 1992 the Joe Slovo Informal settlement in Boipatong outside Vereeniging was attacked by a group of about 300 armed men from Kwa Madala Hostel in…
ArticleNapoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte. Source: www.historywiz.com A new absolute ruler After the fall of Robespierre in 1794, a new group of people took over the government…
ArticleSecond Anglo-Boer War - 1899 - 1902
'South African War ( a.k.a. the Anglo-Boer War) remains the most terrible and destructive modern armed conflict in South Africa’s history. It was an event that…
ArticleThe Durban strikes and the resurgence of the trade union movement in 1973
When Black workers in Durban embarked on a wave of strikes in January 1973, the government and employers were shocked, and they responded mainly by giving in…
PlaceIndigo Vats, Pinetown
In 1854 two Dutch Indigo Planters from Java, Mr Theodorus Colenbrander and Mr von Preen went into partnership with Mr Murray, of Pinetown. Locally grown indigo…
EventThe Bisho Massacre occurs
As many as 80,000 protesters gathered outside of Bisho, the capital city of Ciskei, and demanded an end to the military government of Brigadier Joshua Gqozo…
PlaceBritish Kaffraria, now the Border Region
Territory of British Kaffraria On 21 December 1834 massed Xhosa armies attacked the eastern regions of the Cape Colony, destroying all settler resistance…
ArticleKingdom of Kongo 1390–1914
The Kingdom of Kongo was a large kingdom in the western part of central Africa. The name comes from the fact that the founders of the kingdom were KiKongo…
ArticleYusuf Dadoo Timeline: 1960 - 1969
Yusuf Dadoo Timeline: 1960 - 1969 1960 March 16, The Boycott Movement, in London, is renamed the Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM). Tennyson Makiwane, Vella…
Art lost in a time of struggle by Mary Corrigall
Thami Mnyele and Medu Art Ensemble Retrospective During the past few years the Johannesburg Art Gallery has focused attention on black artists who were…
The Genootskap vir Regte Afrikaners/Fellowship of True Afrikaners
The Genootskap vir Regte Afrikaners (the GRA, the Fellowship of True Afrikaners) was launched in Paarl, Western Cape on 14 August 1875. The society was…
Early struggles, contact and conflict in the Cape Colony
The rounding of the Cape and the establishment of the trade route to the Far East had far reaching consequences not just for the Cape, but for Southern Africa…
ArticleThe formation of the SANNC/ANC
Bloemfontein is the birth place of the SANNC, which became the ANC in 1923, one of the largest organizations in later years to struggle for freedom and justice…
ArticleA History of Abantu-Batho Newspaper 1912-1931
Newspapers or publications by African people played a critical role in giving them an alternative space to articulate their views. The emergence of a number of…
ArticleNatal Indian Congress (NIC)
The NIC (Natal Indian Congress) was the first of the Indian Congresses to be formed. It was established in 1894 by Mahatma Gandhi to fight discrimination…
‘Ubuqaba’ and ‘UbuGqobhoka’: Reading Zakes Mda’s Heart of Redness through a Post-Developmental lens by Rachel Fenton
‘Ubuqaba’ and ‘UbuGqobhoka’: Reading Zakes Mda’s Heart of Redness through a Post-Developmental lens Rachel Fenton ‘Politics and the Novel’ January 2015 …
ArticleTransition to Armed Struggle by Norman Levy
Transition to Armed Struggle The brief respite from the Treason Trial which ended on 29 March 1961 and the Rivonia arrests in July 1963 was a period of…
Address at the Opening Session of The South Africa-Algeria Bi-National Commission, Algiers, 22 September 2000.
Your Excellency, President Bouteflika, Your Excellencies Ministers, Honourable Members of Parliament, Your Worships the Mayors here present, Business…
ArticleKenyan Timeline
The earliest human ancestors (Homo erectus and Homo habilis) have their origin in East Africa more than 2 million years ago. Several human remains have been…
The Triumph of the Radicals, 1939-1946
< Menu page < 3. Formation of the NIA | 5. Convulsions in Natal > CHAPTER IV The Struggle for Power: The Triumph of the Radicals, 1939-1946 4. War…
ArticleNational Party (NP)
The first leader of the National Party (NP) became Prime Minister as part of the PACT government in 1924. The NP was the governing party of South Africa from…