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… to the leadership of the African National Congress (ANC) in the liberation struggle. This article looks at the history … armed Dragoons (police or military mounted on horseback). Black mineworkers came out to strike in solidarity, but by … of the white labour movement promoting unity between black and white workers, the overall character of the …

… Born in 1915 Hurbans was a businessman and sugar farmer. He took the lead in establishing four Indian schools in the Tongaat district and was chairman of the Natal …

… Wesleyan Mission established a school for Indian labourers in 1868 and four years later advised the Coolie Commission … per annum. The first university courses in Natal for Black students were also housed there from 1936. Prior to … Indians. References: •  Ginwala, F. N. (1974). Class, Consciousness and Control - Indian South Africans - 1860 - …

… Union of South Africa (ICU) is established as national Black trade union in Bloemfontein. 11 September, Gerrit Viljoen is born in Cape … the militant strike by African mineworkers in 1920. The Black (Native) Affairs Act is Passed. The Native Affairs Act …

… Barney Barnato was born in 21 February 1851, Whitechapel slum of London. His original … as a comedian. He followed his brother Harry to Cape Town in 1873 to seek fortune in the diamond rush that followed the 1866 discovery of …

… Government Notice No. 356 of 1903, The Bazaar Notice .  In terms of this Notice, Indians are informed that the … to protest against the Asiatic Registration Law, ( The Black Act ), a resolution, to embark upon mass action, is … and humiliation.  He is determined to resist the 'Black Act'.  As a prelude to the launching of the struggle, …

… by a letter bomb sent by the South African Security Police in Maputo, Mozambique on this day, 17 August, in 1982. At a … of the African Mineworkers Union, the largest action by black workers in South Africa until then, Ruth, recently … by Ruth, its editor, reveals a conception of political consciousness, despite numerous rural rebellions and Mbeki’s …

… Nkosiyabo Xalabile (30) was from Elliotdale in the Eastern Cape. He began working for Lonmin around 2004. … 2012 Nkosiyabo was killed at scene 2 after being shot in his thigh and buttock by the police. He was the sole breadwinner in the family and left behind his wife, mother, sister and …

… David ‘Andy’ Anderson was born in Kwazulu-Natal. He began his editorial cartooning career in 1977, submitting work for the Natal Witness . He went on to do work for most of the big newspapers in the country, including The Rand Daily Mail , Pretoria News …

… Brigitte Mabandla was born on the 23rd of November 1948. In the mid-1970s, she worked as a youth co-ordinator at the Institute of Race Relations in Durban but left South Africa for Zambia where she obtained … Affairs Department. During this time she specialised in Children’s rights, human rights and constitutional …

… 1976,was the third person to die at the Johannesburg Fort in 2 weeks. No details are available on the date of his … available on whether a post-mortem or inquest were held. In answer to a question put to him before parliament on 29 … 'There is no record that such a person has been detained in terms of security legislation,and unless further …

… John J Skomolo was an Anglican clergyman prominent in the Cape African National Congress (ANC) in the 1940s and 1950s, Skomolo was also a member of the ANC … Campaign of 1952, and helped to organise volunteers in his hometown of Aliwal North. He later became inactive in …

… Andrew Meintjes was born in Cape Town on 31 January 1955. In the 1970s, while he was working as a post office technician, he met photographer David Goldblatt in, who took him under his wing and allegedly helped him to …

… Lucky Dube was born on a small farm near Ermelo in the eastern Transvaal (now Mpumalanga). His mother, Sarah, … that she named him “Lucky”. She was the only breadwinner in the family as she had separated from her husband before … Lucky and her other two children, Thandi and Patrick, in the care of her mother. She earned such meagre wages in …

… continued to build APDUSA. He was also actively involved in the South African Council on Sport (SACOS) in developing the non-racial sports movement in South Africa. To read Robert Cedric Wilcox's complete …

… doubt some justification for this pride. A country which in 1981 had a gross national product of approximately R70,000 … pass laws which were designed to curtail the mobility of black workers and to confine them to the mine compounds at … thinking that continues to be intertwined in the political consciousness of black South Africans Several of the more …

… Isaiah Shembe was born at Ntabamhlophe near Escourt in the Drakensberg region (near Giants Castle). His … family later moved on to Ntabazwe (Harrismith district) in the Sotho region of the Orange Free State, higher up in the Drakensberg mountains. The Shembe family was Zulu and …

… Dora Tamana (nee Ntloko) was born in 1901 in Hlobo, Transkei , the eldest of seven children. Her … on the many tasks demanded of a young girl growing up in rural South Africa. Tamana and her four sisters had to … H. (2007) “Dora Tamana and Mildred Ramakaba Lesiea” in Representation and Reality: Portraits of Women’s Lives in …

… Lord William Palmer, the second Earl of Selborne was born in 1859. He studied history at the University of Oxford. He … South Africa to succeed Lord Milner as High Commissioner in South Africa, and Governor of the Transvaal and Orange River Colony, in April 1905. He showed much more understanding and was much …

… Theodore Els or “ Big Easy ” as he is affectionately known in the sporting circles was born on 17 October 1969, in Johannesburg, South Africa. He was the second born child … At school Els was very sporty but golf was his first love. In 1984 age 14, Els rose to prominence, when he won the …

… M. N. Bhola was born and educated in the Cape Province . She was an organizer of the women's … African National Congress (ANC) from the mid-1920s onward in the Western Cape , and the first woman to stand trial on … attended the 1931 Non-European Conference, and was active in the All African Convention (AAC) during the mid-1930s. …

… Ebrahim Ismail Asvat (Aswat) was born in Surat, India. He was a committed passive resister from … went to prison. He served three terms of imprisonment in 1908–09: jailed for one week in November 1908 for hawking without licence; sentenced on 3 …

… Chief Rabbi Israel Abrahams was born on 12 March 1903 in Vilna, Lithuania. He was the son of Zecharya Alter … London. He was minister of the Shepherd's Bush synagogue in London (1928-32) and the Great Synagogue, Manchester (1933-37). He came to South Africa in 1937 and on 30 June 1945 he was appointed the Chief Rabbi …

… Gomolemo Mokae was born in Ga-Mokopane. He was the last of the eight children born of … (now Chis Hani Baragwanath) and started a general practice in Soweto before moving on to Ga-Rankuwa. He is an ardent and … medical doctor and political commentator, Dr Mokae writes in English and Setswana. He has had numerous literary works …

… Jaydew Nasib Singh was born in South Africa about 1920 and graduated in the mid-1940s with a law degree from the University of the … African Indian Congress  (SAIC) and played a leading part in organising Indian-African co-operation following the 1949 … to challenge: A documentary History of African Politics in South Africa: 1882-1964, Vol.4 Political Profiles 1882 - …

… he was chief and interpreter of the Gorinhaikonas. In 1630 he was taken to Bantam by the English and returned to … to his people, and the European settlers who were engaged in a trading relationship. As result of his position as chief … unfairly taken from the Gorinhaikonas people by the Dutch. In 1659, after losing this war, he and his two followers, …

… Born 1906. Commercial traveller. Prominent in the defiance campaign in Cape Western, and in Langa Congress activities. …

… Thobisile Zibambele (39) was from Lusikisiki in the Eastern Cape. He started working for Lonmin in 2009. On 16 August 2012 Thobisile was killed at scene 1 after being shot twice by the police, in his shoulder and thigh. He was the sole breadwinner in the …

… Henry Mvuyisi Pato (35) was from Mbizana in the Eastern Cape. He began working for Lonmin in 2011. On 16 August 2012 Mvuyisi was killed at scene 2 after being shot in the back and palm by the police. He was clearly trying to …

… Julius Tokoti Mangcotywa (61) was from Sterkspruit in the Eastern Cape. He began working for Lonmin around 2008. … 2012 he was killed at scene 2 after being shot twice in the chest by the police. He was the sole breadwinner in the family and left behind his wife, five adult children, …