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… In 1977 Koloane co-founded the Federated Union of Black Artists (FUBA) Gallery and became its first curator. … first art gallery in Johannesburg to provide a space for black artists. Koloane participated in the Thupelo Workshops … exhibition with Michael Zondi). 1978: Johannesburg (Black Expo Exhibition). 1979: Bill Ainslie Studios, …

… parliamentary debate from one focusing on control of the black population to one concentrating on the long-term welfare of the black population. Ballinger focused her efforts on the … be recognised. She also called for better training for black farm workers and the creation of labour exchanges so …

… believed to be a curse. Malahele-Xakana became the first Black woman to register as a medical doctor in South Africa … Fund to study medicine. Medical studies had been open to Black students from 1941 at the University of the Witwatersrand (WITS), and the first Black doctors had qualified in 1947. Malahele-Xakana was also …

… of the large number of Lewis’s portraits of rural black South Africans, as well as his portraits of black soldiers during World War II, reveals much about his inability to communicate fully with his black sitters. This is evidenced in the fact that their …

… who founded and also became the editor of the first Black-owned newspaper in 1884, Imvo Zabantsundu (Black opinion). His father was also a founding member of the … and took up a teaching position in languages as the first Black professor at the University of Fort Hare in 1916. He …

… citadel of apartheid, fighting for civil rights. In local black townships like Atteridgeville, Lady Selborne and … at her while she bathed, she was haunted by the cries of black women prisoners being savagely beaten. Although the … Walter had together hosted parties for ambassadors to meet black activists in their living room, the banning order made …

… Kadalie . At the time, the ICU was the most influential Black union in the 1920s. She became involved with the … Garment Workers’ Union in 1946 and was one of the first Black women to be elected to the National Executive Council … States-South African Leader Exchange Program, which gave Black people mid-career training in South Africa and America. …

… alongside Steve Biko  and became a founding member of the Black Consciousness Movement  (BCM). He was appointed as … formed in 1971 which precipitated the formation of the Black People’s Convention  (BPC). Later, when an interim … activist, and others, Koka called for the appointment of black bishops in South Africa’s Roman Catholic Church. He …

… Mthuli ka Shezi was a leading Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) intellectual. He was also … when he became vice president of the BCM affiliate, the Black People’s Convention (BPC). Through his writing, Shezi … a detailed accounts of how he had come to the defence of a black woman who was being drenched with a hose pipe by her …

… Josiah Thugwane was the first Black South African athlete to win an Olympic gold medal. He …

… VI, Rakgoathe was taught art by Mr Maseko, one f the first black handicrafts teachers in South Africa. Rakgoathe … Durban (solo). 1974: (solo). Diakonia House, Johannesburg (Black An, sponsored by the Programme for Social Change and … 1976: Brooklyn Museum and Public Library, New York, USA (Black SA Contemporary Graphics). Canberra, Australia (SA …

… During the riots the ICU yase Natal was the strongest black organization in Durban, but the moderation of its … and an honorary position as a revolutionary martyr in the black freedom struggle. His death is annually commemorated by … 1930 • E. ROUX,  Time longer than rope :  a history of the black man\'s struggle for freedom in South Africa .London, …

… National Congress (ANC). He soon became involved with the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) and was inspired by the poetry that spoke of black identity, resistance and revolt. In 1969 he was … was fertile ground for a literary revival of the silenced black voices withering under state repression. This was a …

… Stephen (Steve) Bantu Biko was a popular voice of Black liberation in South Africa between the mid 1960s and … the PAC had been officially banned and the disenfranchised Black population (especially the youth) were highly receptive … against the Apartheid state. Thus it was that Biko’s Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) came to prominence and …

… Students' Organisation (SASO-the pro-liberation voice of black students) and had been recruited into the African … self-help projects and programmes to assist the African (black) tenants of the municipality with problems relating to … to fill key positions that were hitherto denied to black South Africans. Elvis's intellectual abilities, his …

… queens is seen in the Campbell Smith Collection in a black and white version. The same image is an example of an … inked various sections of the plate in brown, green and black. In this work one can also discern a similar approach … Dan Rakgoathe  and  Cyprian Shilakoe . Exhibitions: 1976: Black South Africa: Contemporary Graphics, Brooklyn Museum, …

… withdrawn in 1967. *In 1962, people from a ‘swartkol’ (‘black spot’), Maleuskop, between Groblersdal [Limpopo …

… Reginald Dhlomo (R.R.R.), a prominent Zulu writer among Black South Africans in the early twentieth century. … Dhlomo himself writes that “Natives prize their Black skin”. Instead what is needed is equality, or what he … in 1928 and a series of short stories published in Stephen Black’s satirical magazine Sjambok in 1929-31. The …

… school fees, so he left school. In 1971, he joined Mhloti Black Theatre. Years later, he wrote: "From time immemorial, Black talent in South Africa was white-produced, … The result was a misrepresentation in the arts of what Black life and Black theatre was all about. Its aspirations, …

… studying at Turfloop, he was drawn to the philosophy of Black Consciousness, and became active in the South African … in the Eastern Cape   . After students at several Black universities held pro-Frelimo rallies in October 1974 … together with several other leaders of SASO and the Black People's Convention , was detained November 1974. He …

… to wait for an ambulance inside her home, as she was Black. She was a trained nurse before she became involved … Reverend Beyers Naude . In the early 1970s she joined the Black People’s Convention , the political wing of the Black  Consciousness Movement and collaborated actively with …

… spoke openly about the injustices that were experienced by Black people during apartheid. His poems Once and Now , … of apartheid laws, in Where White is the colour/Where Black is the number , critically looks at the meaning of being Whiter and Black in South Africa. Written in 1977, this poem was banned. …

… at considerable personal cost. At first aligned to the Black Consciousness Movement , and then joined the United … appointed Vice-Chancellor of Rhodes University, the first black South African to hold this post in 102 years. In 2004 … him an honorary doctorate in 2015. He is the author of Black Man, You are on Your Own (2010) and Black Student …

… and the townships, sprawled across the Cape Flats to which black people were forcibly removed. Having witnessed the … became, through his poetry, a leading articulator of the Black Consciousness philosophy which propagated the notion of … self-reliance to counter the insidious de-humanisation of black people. His first published collection of poetry Cry …

… Week). Brooklyn Museum and Public Library, New York, USA (Black SA Contemporary Graphics). 1977-9: West Germany - tour … Print makers). 1981: Jabulani Standard Bank, Soweto (Black Art Today). 1986: Alliance Francaise, Pretoria (Historical Perspective of Black Art in SA). 1987: TAG (Rorke's Drift Fine Art School in …

… was at university, Dikobo became an active member of the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) and served in its … involved in the underground structures of AZAPO, the Black Consciousness Movement of Azania (BCMA) and later …

… about the American jazz scene. He also founded the Black Arts Theatre in Harlem. In 1974 he was a founder member … over, not much had changed.  He constantly criticised Black leaders and the ANC government. His poem collection, … (1980), Places and Bloodstains (1976), A Capsule Course in Black Poetry Writing – with Brooks, Madhubuti & Randall – …

… of the organization. Mahabane increasingly tried to attain Black unity. With the Coloured leader Dr A. Abdurahman  he … end of the 1920s Mahabane was anxious about the growing black following of the communist ideology and the … Simultaneously Mahabane was closely involved with black resistance to the so-called  J.B.M. Hertzog  Draft …

… year of his retirement. Kerr's influence in the sphere of black education was not confined to his college or even to South Africa. In 1922 he embarked on a study tour of black col­leges in the United States of America at the … Fund. His study focused on the development and funding of black education, principally in the fields of medicine and …