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… by every articulate group amongst the African, Coloured and Indian communities, who constitute the majority of this … on crisis. We have been excluded from the Commonwealth, and condemned 95 to 1 at the United Nations. Our trade is being boycotted, and foreign capital is being withdrawn. The country is …

… they began a process which shifted power to working people and played an important role in defeating apartheid. First, … workers had more skills, they could not be replaced easily and the cost of ignoring them had grown.  The government’s … came with restrictions which were meant to hamper strikes and political activity, the new union movement became a …

… the Non-Whites. The petty bourgeoisie, the intelligentsia and the merchant class among the Non-Whites form a small but powerful and potentially dangerous section of the oppressed and exploited masses. By virtue of their position in society …

… Republic's policy in respect of the Black states in Africa and the arms sales to the Republic. In a particularly effective manner, clearly and unambiguously. Adv. Vorster went on to explain to the … development. He pointed out that the White, the Afrikaner and the English-speaking person, in all respects had a right …

… in our land to commemorate the past deeds for freedom and to rededicate themselves to the cause of freedom. "Let us in all humility remember that we of this age and hour are not the first and only ones who have struggled for the liberation of the …

… was the scene, of the Battle of Amalinda between Gaika and Ndlambe, in October 1818. The long standing rivalry between the senior Chief of Xhosaland, Ngqika, and his uncle, Ndlambe, erupted in a battle of epic … This exceptional battle lasted from midday to nightfall, and was fought with such unusual ferocity that it takes a …

… marks the founding of the Reformed Church, in Pretoria and its first church was built in the town in 1863. Only on … church building. Klaas van Rijsse was hired as architect and in April 1896 the tender by Daanen & Dorlas was accepted. … 10 October 1896 during which a lead tube, with information and documentations of the Reformed Church and otherS of the …

… face the ghastly possibility of having to carry passes and suffer all the indignity and oppression of the pass system. Our Coloured people stand to lose their voting rights on the common roll and they, together with the Indian community will have to …

… them as a group. The political exigencies of the time and the crisis of the Hertzog Bills had compelled them to … independently of the others. There were political and professional organisations, trade unions and civic and church bodies, etc., all of which had one …

… History of Indian South Africans edited by Surendra Bhana and Bridglal Pachai Satyagraha required that the word of the … be trusted. However, the compromise was misunderstood, and a Pathan who had threatened to kill anyone who took the … I would do if I had the real spirit of satyagraha in me, and then I declared my resolution that, if I was alive on …

… South Africa’s Constitution - admired and respected around the world for its pioneering approach to … one that turned a country under apartheid into a modern and peaceful democracy. The Constitution is based on the principle of separation of powers and articulates the values on which the new South Africa has …

… The Roodepoort Town School was established in the 1890s and its premises, including a School Building and a Hall, were opened on 8 October 1913. In 1914 the Building and grounds were temporarily taken over by the Military as …

… Mxenge , an African National Congress (ANC) veteran and apartheid activist, was assassinated and his body was severely mutilated in an act of barbaric … His murderers used three okapi knives, a hunting knife and a wheel spanner because they were ordered not to kill him …

… the Gospel on Foreign Parts established a mission station and lazaretto there, from that developed a government/public … a comprehensive health care service which includes HIV and TB-related treatment, care and support services. They have a community oriented primary …

… anniversary of the uprising; with activists, journalists and academics from the UK and South Africa sharing the views and experiences of a key turning point in the struggle …

… of the South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU) and a member of the African National Congress (ANC). He was a … He was also actively involved in trade union movements and eventually became an active organizer of the South African Railways and Harbour Union which was linked with the SACTU. He became …

… Norman Levy and his twin brother, Leon Levy were born in Johannesburg to Mary and Mark Levy, immigrants from Lithuania. Levy attended the Yeoville Boys’ primary school and Athlone High School in Johannesburg and matriculated in …

… wing of the African National Congress, open to all races and set up in conjunction with the South African Communist … strategic targets within the Republic, thereby undermining and disorganising defence and security networks; reported the Government armed forces' …

… Former South African minister of law and order, Adriaan Johannes Vlok, was born in Sutherland, … of justice at the magistrate's offices in Keimoes and Upington. Vlok resigned from public service, became involved in politics and successively held the positions of deputy minister of …

… Natal. She grew up in Bergville, matriculated in Ladysmith and obtained a National Secretarial Certificate at Inanda … studied printmaking at the Evangelical Lutheran Church Art and Craft Centre at Rorke's Drift. Between 1980 and 1983 she worked at the African Art Centre in Durban and …

… education for social change, instruments of power and discriminatory legislation are discussed in order to raise Christian consciousness and awareness to effect peaceful social change in those forces and structures causing deprivation, suffering and other forms …

… Many years later in September 1862, the 'Cape Town and Green Point Tramway Company' was formed, and began operations on 1 April 1863, with a horse-drawn … service running on rails from the foot of Adderley Street and out along Somerset Road to Green Point. Both single- and …

… in Pretoria. The prosecution wanted the maximum sentence – and we expected it: death. But in a short statement to the … my comrades light up with the most wonderful smiles of joy and relief. We laughed out loud, overjoyed to live, even … behind bars for a very long time. My mother was in court and in the commotion could not hear what the judge had said. …

… Zimbabwe‚ Swaziland‚ Tanzania‚ Britain‚ the Netherlands and South Africa. Her life was a fractured existence … by trauma‚ according to a memoir she was writing and testimony in the High Court in Johannesburg‚ which is … death at the weekend. She was 31 years old‚ weighed 85kg and was 1.65-metres tall in November 2005‚ when she brought a …

… to look like the figure "100" swooped down The Mall and over Buckingham Palace to mark the centenary of the … father of the RAF. How did this come about? In May, June, and July 1917, more than 300 people were killed when German aircraft dropped bombs on London and elsewhere in the penultimate year of the First World War. …

… Mr. Joseph, Distinguished Visitors, Ladies and Gentlemen, It is a singular honour to be with you this evening, and a unique privilege to receive the Miami Beach Medallion of Honour. The fact that people, communities and their elected representatives from such far-off places …

… African Conference held in Pietermaritzburg on March 25th and 26th of this year. That conference was attended by 1,500 delegates from town and country in the Union, representing 145 political, religious, social, sporting and cultural associations. It met to consider a matter as …

… History of Indian South Africans edited by Surendra Bhana and Bridglal Pachai A colonisation scheme was suggested for … Round Table Conference, held at Cape Town in January and February 1932. The South African Indian Congress decided … at an emergency conference, held in Johannesburg on 19 and 20 August 1933. Source: Pachai Collection. This emergency …

… The Wonderboom Nature Reserve and is Home to a 1000 Year Old Fig Tree, or Ficus … The tree has subsequently been damaged by fire in 1870 and a parasitic disease, but it still visible via an … a protective boardwalk. The reserve has a small waterfall, and guards the remains of Fort Wonderboompoort, a fort built …