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ArticleNegotiations and the transition
The increasing social unrest in South Africa that swept through the country in the 1980s, and the changing geopolitical circumstances on the international…
Formation and launch of the UDF
UDF launch at Mitchell's Plain in Cape Town. Source: http://www.nelsonmandela.org In the late 1970s moves to form united front against apartheid were set in…
Conflict among civic organisations
Civic organisations in the Western Cape, particularly in Cape Town did not share the same ideological stance, interests and outcomes. One of the major…
ArticleHostel Dwellers Association (HDA)
The idea of forming an association was discussed in the Nyanga hostel. The discussion were given impetus by the 1981 decision by the local authority to grant…
ArticleWestern Cape Civic Association (WCCA)
Civic organisation also experienced problems in organising across the racial divide. Initially the emerging civic organisation in African township and coloured…
Growing social unrest: Community mobilisation, strikes and student protests in the Western Cape in the 1980s
The late 1970s witnessed increased labour unrest in the region of the Western Cape. For instance, the Fattis and Monis strike and boycott, Saldanha Bay fish…
ArticleBlack Consciousness and student revolt in the Cape
After the government crackdown on political organizations in the early 1960s, new organizations emerged to fill the political vacuum. A movement based on the…
Growth of African Nationalism and Defiance
The 1940s saw a growth of African nationalism that positioned itself to challenge the rising Afrikaner nationalism. The ANC which was weak in the 1920 and…
Establishment of the Cape and its impact on Khoikhoi and Dutch
The formation of the VOC in Netherlands in 1602 increased Dutch dominance of the in the maritime trade. Acting on behalf of the Dutch government, the company…
Early struggles, contact and conflict in the Cape Colony
The rounding of the Cape and the establishment of the trade route to the Far East had far reaching consequences not just for the Cape, but for Southern Africa…
ArticleAll African Convention, 1958
'The All-African Convention: The Awakening of a people' - By I.B. Tabata Bloemfontein also played host to yet another important meeting which was held in…
Industrial and Commercial Workers Union
The birth of the Industrial and Commercial Union of South Africa (ICU) came about after the ICU strike in Cape Town when African labour leader, H Selby Msimang…
ArticleAnti-Pass Campaign
In the latter part of 1959, PAC membership was still below expectations, and it became clear to the leadership that the movement would have to produce some…
ArticleThe formation of the SANNC/ANC
Bloemfontein is the birth place of the SANNC, which became the ANC in 1923, one of the largest organizations in later years to struggle for freedom and justice…
The Mountain Committee
A vast popular movement of resistance arose amongst the people in March 1960, and although meetings were illegal, they were held just the same and attended by…
ArticleThe Transkei
Struggles against the Bantu Authorities Act were fought in the Transkei, where the resistance of the peasants culminated in the Pondo revolt which broke into…
Systems of democracy: the American Revolution (under construction)
Contact, conflict and dispossession: frontiers in America in the nineteenth century (under construction)
Contact, conflict and dispossession on the Cape eastern or northern frontiers in the nineteenth century
The situation in the Eastern Cape in the early late 18th and early 19th century (approximately1780 - 1850) was as follows: There were three groups of people: …
ArticleAfrica and the Atlantic slave trade - sixteenth to nineteenth centuries
San hunter-gatherers The word ‘San’ means ‘people different from ourselves’. The San, who were hunter-gatherers, were the first people to live at the Cape…
ArticleEuropean trading systems in the Middle Ages - fourteenth to sixteenth centuries
Expanding European frontiers The Trek Boers, with their servants and slaves, move inland From the late 1600s and into the 1700s, the Cape settlers moved…
West Africa and trans-Saharan trade: salt, gold, slaves and ancient trade routes, centres of learning, historical reporting - ninth to sixteenth centuries (under construction)
Indian Ocean and East Africa: Arab trade, Swahili coastal communities, and links with Great Zimbabwe - ninth to sixteenth centuries (under construction)
The Earth Charter (under construction)
The Children’s Charter
Children’s rights and responsibilities In any society, it is very important that children are protected and cared for. Children are vulnerable members of…
ArticleNational symbols such as the Coat of Arms and the National Anthem
National Symbols since 1994In South Africa, we have a perse number of people and cultures, but we are all South African. National symbols such as a national…
What is democracy? (under construction)
ArticleIndigenous medicine and traditional healing
Isangomas and inyangas are the two main types of indigenous or traditional healers in South Africa. Isangomas Isangomas are spiritual healers and are…