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ArticleSotho (South Sotho or Basotho)
Sotho (South Sotho or Basotho) people are concentrated in the Free State, Gauteng and Eastern Cape Provinces, with small groups in Namibia and Zambia. While…
The flight of the Gwala-Gwala bird: Essays by Ari Sitas, review essay by Linda Cooper
“They have taught us through their orations the undesirability of a social system based on capitalism, that is inqubo yogimhelakwesabo, that is stuffing one’s…
ArticleA History of the Springbok Legion
The Springbok Legion (SL) was a leading organisation formed in 1941 to fight for the rights of soldiers during World War II and in the post-war period. Over…
PlaceEzakheni Township of Ladysmith
Ezakheni is an African township that was built in the old KwaZulu homeland about 25km from the town of Ladysmith. The area was established in 1972 and its…
The Reunited National Party is founded by Malan and Hertzog
From the 1920s to the 1940s J.C. Smuts, J.B.M. Hertzog and D.F. Malan were the most prominent White politicians in South Africa. In 1933 Hertzog and Smuts…
EventNicolaas Johannes Diederichs, South Africa’s fourth state president, is born
Nicolaas Johannes Diederichs South Africa's fourth state president was born on 17 November 1903. After studying for his doctoral degree at the University of…
EventMalawi voters take part in the first multiparty election in three decades
Present day Malawi became the British colony of Nyasaland in 1890, after aggressive diplomatic conflict with Germany. In 1964, Britain released the colony and…
ArticleGrade 9 - Term 3: Turning points in South African History, 1960, 1976 and 1990
Turning points in modern South African History since 1948& In 1948 South Africa held a general election which was to be decided by the white population of…
ArchiveMandela’s Democracy by Andrew Nash, 26 June 2013
The Tribal Model of DemocracyIn his speech from the dock, at his 1962 trial for inciting African workers to strike and leaving the country without a passport,…
Bibliographical Data
In the preparation of the introductory essays in this volume, heavy reliance has been placed on the documents collected by the editors and the interviews conÂ…
ArchiveCHAPTER 2 - You only win once by Howard Barrell
- Prioritising armed struggle, January 1974 - June 1976 A struggle is made up of failures essentially. It’s true. You only win once, and that’s at the end. -…
ArchiveSishaywa Zimvula Nje, Simanikiniki Nje, Umhlol’Usekhaya – Reading Mafika Gwala in Times of Thunder and the Terror of the Elements by Sanibonani Molweni
Good afternoon Dumelang Hello Absheni! Hola! It is an honour to be with you this afternoon. The task at hand certainly daunts me. Yet, it is…
BiographyFranco Frescura
Franco Frescura was born in Trieste, Italy, on 28 September 1946. Both his parents originally came from Fiume, today known as Rijeka, in present-day Croatia…
Re-emergence of resistance, 1980-89
By the early 1980s, the Congress movement was becoming established as the most effective force in the fight against apartheid throughout the country. With the…
ArticleSouth African Coloured People Organisation (SACPO)
Like all other Black ethnic groups, the Coloureds also fell victim to segregation and repressive legislations enacted by Colonial and successive governments…
ArticleuMkhonto weSizwe (MK)
On 16 December, 1961, Umkhonto weSizwe (MK) was launched as an armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). The formation of the MK Umkhonto…
ArticleA history of prison labour in South Africa
Prison labour has a particularly debatable history in South Africa. Historically, South Africa operated on the understanding that prisons were places of…
ArticlePondoland revolt - 1950 - 1961
The Pondo people fiercely resisted the rise of the Colonisersand their attempts to reshape and re-engineer Pondoland and to co-opt their Chiefs. Violence…
ArticleANC Origins and Background
The African National Congress (ANC) was formed in 1912 as a result of many grievances. This included black dissatisfaction with the South Africa Act of 1910…
Chapter 7 - CONCLUSION
From: The South African Communist Party In Exile 1963 - 1990 The Party, as an organisation, underwent a number of changes during the exile period, some of…
ArticleThe effects of WW2 in Africa
Africans resisted colonial rule from the outset, trying to hold on to their land, but were not strong enough to defend themselves against European conquest…
ArticleA History of Abantu-Batho Newspaper 1912-1931
Newspapers or publications by African people played a critical role in giving them an alternative space to articulate their views. The emergence of a number of…
ArticleIndian South Africans
From bondage to freedom - The 160th anniversary of the arrival of Indian workers in South Africa The feature on Indian South Africans forms part of our…
In the name of art - A reflection on fine art
Let these images be a tribute to the many artists who have died too soon and too young. Empraim gatane, Cyprian Shilakoe, Julian Motau, Thami Mnyele, and to…
40 Years of Shop Floor Resistance in a Rubber Factory by Sithembiso Bhengu
This paper was submitted to the 1973 Durban Strikes Celebrating 50 Years Conference Abstract This paper reflects on the 40 years (1970s to 2010s) of…
The people armed, 1984-1990
Introduction 1985, Desmond Tutu, armed only with the bible under his arm, confronts the SA forces during their attempts to break up a demonstration…
Article1960 - 1994: Armed Struggle and Popular Resistance
1984-1990:- The people armedIntroductionNumerous factors characterised the intensification of the freedom struggle against the National Party government in the…
Document 58 - Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe, “The Opening Address at the Africanist Inaugural Convention”, 4 April 1959 [….]
From: South Africa's Radical Tradition, a documentary history, Volume Two 1943 - 1964, by Allison Drew Document 58 - Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe, "The Opening…
Pan-Africanism was Peter Abrahams’ Country by Tyler Flemming (Africa is a Country), 13 February 2017
On January 18, the world lost an icon. Only much of the world did not know it. South African-Jamaican writer Peter Abrahams died at 97 in Jamaica, where he has…
Everyone must take responsibility, 21 August, 2012 - Sahra Ryklief
On Thursday August 16, 34 striking miners were shot dead by police at Lonmin’s platinum mine in Rustenburg. It is not yet clear why the police were using live…