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… little resources and, at times, at great personal costs to produce extraordinary images they help us see and … the world in new ways. Our aim, in the coming year, is to start planning for the next Bonani Africa Photography … Festival, in 2012. Through this festival, we hope to provide a space for photographers from South Africa and …

… information on the Russian revolution and the change to a Communist state in Russia, we have already touched on … them in more detail. Socialism: An ideology according to which the state must provide basic social services like health and education to the population. The means of production must not be …

… the late 19th and early 20th century, the British aspired to find various methods of “educating” the Natives and … Therefore, in 1935 the British Colonial Office decided to sponsor and to establish the “Bantu Educational Cinema … LTD”, and the new company was unable to breathe life back into the existing systems, as well as failing to …

… The National Party attempted a political solution to the crisis it faced by creating the cosmetic Tricameral … challenge apartheid. The reforms had the opposite affect to what the apartheid regime intended. Reforms provided … and ' Indian ' but excluded Blacks. Blacks were seen to have political rights in the so-called ' homelands ' or …

… blot which the government has cleaned up and will continue to clear up.” [i] - P.W Botha The memory of District Six, … in 1901, when the district’s Black residents were moved to Uitvlugt (later named N'dabeni). On this occasion the area was razed due to its alleged link to the outbreak of the Bubonic plague. …

… This Order is to be awarded to South African citizens who have excelled in the fields of … arts, performance and drama. African drum - relevant to all cultures and representative of the arts, it symbolises …

… The National Party attempted a political solution to the crisis it faced by creating the cosmetic Tricameral … challenge apartheid. The reforms had the opposite affect to what the apartheid regime intended. Reforms provided … bottom of the page Please note, there may be minor changes to the curriculum from year to year, teachers always check …

… Africans Timeline: 1980-1989 1980 Kay Moonsamy was sent to India to replace Mosie Moolla , as the African National Congress … contrast, a mere 817 white families were resettled, mostly to better areas. 1984 Billy Nair becomes active in the United …

… and resistance. The majority of these writers belong to the canon, to the first generation of African writers post-independence, … in their respective countries. Introducing students to SAHO highlighted the significance of writing African …

… The order is awarded to South Africans who have made a meaningful contribution to the struggle for democracy, human rights, nation-building, … a basic tool of survival used by prehistoric ancestors to produce essential goods, construct shelters and skin …

… On 2 November 1983, the government held a referendum to gauge White opinion on the new constitution and tricameral … in favour of a state president, and PW Botha’s accession to the new role as executive president gave him much more … system would exacerbate tensions, and asked its supporters to vote ‘no’ to the question of whether to institute the new …

… 1837 Mzilikazi defeated by the Voortrekkers and forced to flee across the Limpopo. 1840 First permanent White … is elected President of the OFS, but is later forced to resign as President of ZAR 1 May, Pretoria becomes the … Church Street West cemetery commissioned for use. Prior to this, deceased were buried on farms around Pretoria 1871 …

… in fairly harmonious co-existence as no tribe needed to be or was sufficiently more powerful to conquer another. Some scientists say this was helped by … skills developed by our ancestors. They didn't have to rely on the availability of wild animals or plants any …

… via Bechuanaland Protectorate (Botswana) and Tanzania to England. These personal memoirs were written, while the … in my mind, in May and June 1964 as the Rivonia Trial drew to an end. They were intended to provide a factual account of the events leading up to the …

… The TRC was a crucial component of the transition to full and free democracy in South Africa and, despite some … was based in Cape Town. The mandate of the commission was to bear witness to, record and in some cases grant amnesty to the …

… of the AB was one specific organisational response to the social and political crisis that the Afrikaans … the boom conditions for South African agriculture came to an end as post-war inflation escalated and banks withdrew … was formed. The proletarianisation of rural Afrikaners led to a profound change in their cultural and ideological …

… from at Columbia University. September, Seme is admitted to Jesus College in Oxford in England where begins studying … and passes his first bar examinations. 1910 Seme is called to the Bar at the Middle Temple in London. Seme returns to South Africa and sets up a private practice in …

… WHILE THIS EXHIBITION AND CATALOGUE purport to mark the centenary of the founding of the South African … in 2002. The correct date of its inception is now known to have been over five years earlier, in May 1897. … Gutsche of Johannesburg later drew Berman's attention to an announcement dated 10 September 1897 in an old Pretoria …

… the bay was haphazard, but in 1835 local residents decided to lay out a settlement with a regular grid of streets, and … control. At this point many of the Dutch settlers chose to leave the province, resettling in the OFS and Transvaal. … of Durban, or Port Natal as it was also known, had risen to about 500 persons. Soon thereafter an immigration scheme …

… because it includes remains of hominids from about 2 to 3.3 million years ago. There is also proof of early … on the Isaac Edwin Stegmann Reserve and part of it is open to the public. The Stegmann family donated the caves to the University of the Witwatersrand. The first …

… Walter Sisulu Foundation and South African History Online to gather the names and stories of the 20.000 women who … under the banner of the Federation of South African Women to the Union Building on August 9th 1956 to protest the carrying of passes by African Women. Lets us …

… less than 0.5% of the area of Africa but is home to nearly 20% of the continent's flora. The site displays … associated with the Fynbos vegetation, which is unique to the Cape Floral Region. The outstanding diversity, density … worldwide. Unique plant reproductive strategies, adaptive to fire, patterns of seed dispersal by insects, as well as …

… The facility offers development and training programmes to visual artists and crafters in and around the … non-profit organisation in 1984. The centre offers support to 500 crafters and represents about 50 artists. Initiated in … a fuller programme, where students have the opportunity to learn Fine Art, Jewellery Design, and print making. Today …

… and angry that the higher classes would never be fair to them. They decided to challenge the ruling order to force change. In this topic we focus on what the …

… the historical record but few can have raised repression to the level of an art form in the way that the apartheid regime managed to do. The breadth and intensity of its arsenal of weapons … persons at one time. • A determined and tenacious hunger strike that started in January 1989 resulted in the release …

… dzamabwe", which means "stone buildings" and refers to the stone walls used to separate and surround houses and kraals in ancient Shona … rulership. Who lived at Great Zimbabwe? The first people to live at Great Zimbabwe were Bantu-speaking. and the …

… Under the leadership of Mzilikazi, the people who came to be called the Ndebele in Zimbabwe (originally of the … out with Shaka, others suggest Mzilikazi simply wanted to expand his zone of power westwards. By the time Mzilikazi … in 1836, at which point he trekked over the Limpopo River to present day Zimbabwe, and settled in an area between the …

… became the breeding ground of Black resistance that was to become a force in the 1970s. Influenced by the American … Black Power movement, the likes of Malcolm X, and closer to home by Frantz Fanon, Kenneth Kaunda, Julius Nyere and … his home area. Poqo was the armed wing of the PAC, similar to the armed wing of the ANC, Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK, or …

… de Klerk established the Education Co-ordination Service to manage education during the political transition of the … are emerging. Although more children have access to formal education, the quality of the education varies … development at a disadvantaged position as they often have to relocate to another school, or hide the fact that they …

… These are elections in which all citizens are allowed to participate. No one has changed the results, or tried to force people to vote for a particular party. Active citizen: Citizens who …