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Poqo political trials and the execution of its operatives in the 1960s
Mass mobilization of the 1950s culminated in the Sharpeville massacre on 21 March 1960. Soon thereafter the apartheid government banned the African National…
BiographyJaydew Nasib Singh
Jaydew Nasib Singh was born in South Africa about 1920 and graduated in the mid-1940s with a law degree from the University of the Witwatersrand, where he was…
BiographyHarold Strachan
Robert Harold Lundie "Jock" Strachan was born in 1925 in Pretoria. He obtained a BA (FA) from the University of Pretoria, and won an Emma Smith Scholarship to…
BiographyJackson Mbhazima Hlungwani
Jackson Mbhazima Hlungwane was born in Nkanyani Village, Gazankulu. The son of a Shangaan migrant worker, he had no formal training as an artist and learned to…
BiographySimon Nkabinde
Simon ‘Mahlathini’ Nkabinde was born on 30 November 1937, in Newcastle. He grew up in Alexander Township. His father died while he was young, and later he was…
BiographyJonas Dinous Matlou
Jonas Dinous Matlou was born 2 June 1920 in Diepsloot north of Johannesburg. He became an early member of the African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL)…
BiographyBonakele Milner Ntsangani
Bonakele Milner Ntsangani was born in 1923 in Middledrift in the Eastern Cape. He was one of six children and had a twin brother. He attended school at Welsh…
BiographyNorman Catherine
Norman Catherine was born in East London, South Africa in September 1949. He studied at the East London Technical School of Art and held his first solo…
BiographyBishop Alphaeus Hamilton Zulu
Alphaeus Hamilton Zulu was the only son of Johannes and Miriam Kolo Zulu (nee Hlabisa). His father was a policeman and a farmer. His father died when he was a…
Chapter 2 - Industrialisation and the Revitalisation of Black Politics in the 1940s
… of black politics shows that the latter half of the 1920s was a high point in black resistance. Both the … trade union movement, which had been growing…
BiographyReginald (Reggie) September
Reginald September was born in Wynberg in Cape Town on 13 June 1923, the son of Florence, a housewife, and Nicholas September, a carpenter. He first attended…
ArticlePoqo in the Western Cape and Transkei in the early 1960s
The formation of the Pan Africanist Congress’ (PAC) Africanist Task Force (ATF) preceded the formation of party’s military wing Poqo in February 1960. After…
BiographyPeter Moonsammy
Peter Moonsammy was born on 25 March 1928 in Market St, Johannesburg. Moonsamy was the elder brother of Paul and Dasu Joseph who were Transvaal Indian…
Why did so few Black South Africans make films before the 1990s?
There are less than a handful of black directors who made films before the 1990s. The reasons for this are the same reasons that kept black people out of other…
ArticleTrade unionism blossoms and women become more assertive, 1930s
ArticleANC and the early development of apartheid 1948-1950s
In 1948 the Nationalist Party (NP) won the election, and began to introduce the policy of apartheid. The African National Congress (ANC) reacted immediately to…
BiographyRissik Haribhai "Barney" Desai
Rissik Haribhai "Barney" Desai was born on 10 April 1932 in Durban. He grew up as an Indian but was "reclassified" Coloured in 1957. His father was an…
ArticleGrade 12 - How SA emerged as a democracy from the crises of the 1990s
During the 1980s, the apartheid government came under increasing internal pressure. The National Party attempted a political solution to the crisis it faced by…
BiographyBilly Paddock
Billy Paddock, of Irish extraction, grew up in Durban, Natal (now KwaZulu-Natal) in the 1950s. He attended Glenwood High School in Durban where he excelled at…
”Trade Union Notes”, The Bolshevik, March 1920 (Extract)
ArticleCurries Fountain events timeline
… ". Hence, the naming of the stadium 'Curries Fountain'. 1920s-1950s Curries was used as a general sporting facility …
BiographyHotep Idris Galeta
‘Cecil Galeta’ was born on 7 June 1941 and grew up in Cape Town, South Africa. However, he was more commonly known as Cecil Barnard; Barnard was his father's…
ArticleThe banning of the South African Students Organisation (SASO) and student politics in the 1980s
In September and October 1977, the apartheid government stiffened its resolve to end the nationwide student unrest that broke out in Soweto in June 1976…
ArticleA change to armed struggle and the state’s intensified repression 1960s
With no discernable change in government policies, some members of the African National Congress (ANC) began to move away from peaceful protest. The ANC…
Rejuvenation of the ANC and intensification of the struggle 1940s
In 1940, Alfred Xuma was elected the new president of the African National Congress (ANC), and a period of greater action was introduced. Xuma was still…
List of ANC and MK members killed in combat, 1990s
List of ANC and MK members killed in combat, 1980s
List of ANC and MK members killed in combat, 1970s
List of ANC and MK members killed in combat, 1960s
BiographyFrances Baard
Frances “MaBaard” Baard was born 1st of October in 1909 in Kimberley, Northern Cape. She was the fifth of seven children of a Bechuuanaland-born mine worker…