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ArticleThe Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM)
… of racial discrimination" on 2 December 1950. On 1 April 1960, The Security Council of the UN, in its first action on … wake of the killing of 69 peaceful…
BiographyRobert Gabriel Mugabe
… influential in Zimbabwean nationalist politics. In May 1960, he took leave and returned to Harare (then Salisbury) … blacks. Mugabe sympathised with the…
ArticleSouth Africa’s electoral history timeline 1910-2009
… © Bailey's Archives. 1961 The referendum that followed the Sharpeville massacre and whose outcome made South Africa a republic. 1966 …
EventThe Dutch Reformed Church rejoins the World Alliance of Reformed Churches
… to discuss racial segregation in South Africa after the Sharpeville massacre. The DRC withdrew from the World Council of Churches …
ArticleConstitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996
… law by President Nelson Mandela on 10 December 1996 at Sharpeville , Vereeniging.This came two years after the first … that laid the foundation for apartheid…
ArchiveThe exilic geographies of the South by Benjamin N. Lawrance and Vusumuzi R. Kumalo
… In August 1960, Dugmore Boetie fled South Africa and entered … of an exilic migration that began immediately after the Sharpeville Massacre. It was a wave…
BiographyPresident Seretse Khama
… bothered him as a child already, was growing worse and in 1960 he was diagnosed with diabetes. This setback did not …
BiographyVictor Sidney Norton
… the practice of printing each other's main leaders. In 1960 Norton was called to the Bar of the Senate the first …
BiographyAdriaan Vlok
Adriaan Vlok was born on 11 December 1937 in Sutherland, Cape Province to Betty Oliver and Nicolaas Vlok. He grew up on a smallholding close to the Orange…
BiographyProfessor Bernard Magubane
… up to study the political history of South Africa since 1960. The Trust produced ten volumes of The Road to Democracy …
BiographyJürgen Schadeberg
Jurgen Schadeberg was born in Berlin, Germany on 18 March 1931. He was raised by his mother, Rosemarie, the only child in a single-parent family of limited…
BiographyMosima Gabriel (Tokyo) Sexwale
Tokyo Sexwale was born in Orlando West, Johannesburg as the third of six children of Godlieve and Frank Sexwale. He grew up amid the turmoil of the Black…
BiographyHarry Themba Gwala
… of Trade Unions (SACTU). After the banning of the ANC in 1960 and again 1963, Gwala became active underground until …
BiographyMoses Mauane Kotane
… against him were dropped in November 1958. During the 1960 state of emergency he was detained for four months and …
BiographyPoomoney Moodley
… a reputation as a vibrant and effective organiser. In 1960 she played an active role in the Anti-Pass Campaign . …
EventWalter Sisulu, co-founder of the ANCYL and Umkhonto we Sizwe, is born
… Congress Alliance. Early in the 1960s, following the Sharpeville massacre and the banning of the ANC and the Pan Africanist … in the 1950's, as well as the…
BiographyLesedi Billy Masetlha
Lesedi Billy Masetlha was born on 21 November 1954 in Alexandra, Johannesburg, Transvaal (now Gauteng).He was one of the six children in a family with roots in…
BiographyWinston Ntshona
Wintson Ntshona was born on 6 October 1941 in Port Elizabeth. He matriculated from Newell High School where he performed in school plays with John Kani. During…
BiographyCloete Breytenbach
Breytenbach was born in 1933 and grew up in Bonnievale in the Cape Winelands. His father was a farmer. Later the family moved to Wellington in Cape Town. As a…
BiographyMoyisile Douglas Tyutyu
Moyisile Douglas Tyutyu was born in 1935* in KwaZakhele, Port Elizabeth, Transkei (now Eastern Cape Province). His interest in politics was sparked from a…
BiographyPixie Benjamin
… laws implemented in South Africa during the 1950’s and 1960’s Benjamin was charged with possessing and distributing …
Mary Margaret Ngalo
… Reverend Calata) was arrested in Port Elizabeth during the 1960 State of Emergency . The ANC had instructed many of its … History Online. (2019). Women’s…
BiographyPregaluxmi (Pregs) Govender
… Pregaluxmi (Pregs) Govender was born on 15 February 1960 in Durban, Natal (now KwaZulu-Natal). Her father – a … African National Congress (ANC) , which had…
EventDay of Reconciliation celebrated as a public holiday in SA for the first time
… apartheid through passive resistance, but after the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960, where peaceful protesters were indiscriminately shot by … Five Hundred…
BiographyTeboho MacDonald “Tsietsi” Mashinini
Teboho MacDonald "Tsietsi" Mashinini was born on 27 January 1957 in Central Western Jabavu, Soweto. Mashinini was the second son of Ramothibi, a lay preacher…
The African Resistance Movement (ARM): An Organisational History
… in the struggle against apartheid in South Africa was the Sharpeville Massacre and its aftermath. The heavy-handed response of the … soon after the…
EventInternational Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
… shot and killed 69 people at a peaceful demonstration in Sharpeville, South Africa. The Sharpeville Massacre is also observed as Human Rights’ Day locally…
Appeal for action against Apartheid - Statement issued jointly by Chief Albert Luthuli and Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr,10 December 1962
… at Windhoek and 40 wounded as they fled police March 21, 1960 - 72 Africans killed and 186 wounded at Sharpeville by police Before and during the two-year ……
ArticleRichard David Turner Timeline 1941 - 1978
… Registers for BSc Engineering at University of Cape Town 1960 Changes to philosophy 1960 Sharpeville – black mass movement curtailed and white …
ArticleAfrican Resistance Movement (ARM)
… in the struggle against apartheid in South Africa was the Sharpeville Massacre and its aftermath. The heavy-handed response of the … soon after the…