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ArticleA history of prison labour in South Africa
… operated on the understanding that prisons were places of punishment which was mainly executed through forced prison labour. By the late 1800s, the idea of…
ArticleThe history of labour movements in Namibia
… known as South West Africa). However, there were a number of workers’ strikes during this period. Poor wages, bad … and the contract system had been a…
ArticleMusic and culture as forms of resistance
… Music Music was a central feature of the urban culture that developed in Johannesburg and in … Early beginnings In the 1920s and 1930s the urban culture of…
Federation of South African Cultural Organisations (FOSACO)
… The Federation of South African Cultural Organisations (FOSACO) was … at a consultative conference held in Johannesburg. The aim of FOSACO was to establish a…
The Ideology of the Black Consciousness Movement
… The emergence of the Black Consciousness movement that swept across the … country in the 1970s can best be explained in the context of the events from 1960…
The 1980s and the crisis of Apartheid
… 3 pages: Use the page navigation on the right or bottom of the page Introduction During the 1980s , the apartheid … creating the cosmetic Tricameral…
ArticleThe National Council of Trade Unions (NACTU)
… Introduction The National Council of Trade Unions (NACTU) is South Africa's second largest … 400 000 members. Its largest affiliate is the Association of…
ArticleThe People’s Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN)
… A Brief Overview The People’s Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) was an armed wing of the South West Africa People’s Organization (SWAPO), the major…
Biography of Eli Weinberg by Karen Folz
… Apartheid Eli Weinberg was born in 1908 in the port city of Libau, Latvia to a Jewish family. Growing up, he … even considering himself South African despite…
ArticleEastern Cape Wars of Dispossession 1779-1878
… The series of clashes historically known as, Frontier Wars date back to … which in turn dispossessed Xhosa and Khoikhoi people of their land and cattle among…
ArticleThe Drafting and Acceptance of the Constitution
… Nelson Mandela. On 20 and 21 December the first session of CODESA (Convention for a Democratic South Africa) was … this event. All parties agreed to support…
The Black Homeland Citizenship Act of 1970
… Government attempted to divide South Africa into a number of separate states, called homelands, for Blacks. Under the … for a different ethnic group…
Trade Union Council of South Africa (TUCSA)
… The Trade Union Council of South Africa (TUCSA) was founded in October 1954 by 61 … unions mainly representing White workers and mixed unions of Coloured and…
BiographyEric Mbatha
… longer relationship with Rorke’s Drift than most artists, being associated with the centre for most of the 1970s. He was part of the second intake of artists…
ArticleSouth African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU)
… and ideological affiliations. Conservative members of the union were against the amendment of its discriminatory constitution, the formation of the local…
The Hunter-Gatherers of Southern Africa: Summary
… believe that the San people were the descendants of the original Homo sapiens who lived in South Africa for at … AND THE EUROPEAN SETTLERS: Europeans arrived…
The Gambia: 50 years of independence, 20 years of terror by Fatou Diagne (Pambazuka News), 17 March 2015
… He claimed to be a different kind of soldier and promised not to hang on to power, and never to … national sovereignty. This independence, far from being…
ArticleDefinition of Natural and Cultural heritage sites
… There are two types of World Heritage Sites. The first represents cultural and … sites Cultural heritage sites have to show a masterpiece of human creativity…
Performing Arts Council of the Transvaal (PACT)
… Arts Council (NAPAC) and the Performing Arts Council of the Orange Free State (PACOFS) other three organisations … culture administration, that remained the…
Women’s Enfranchisement Association of the Union (WEAU)
… place was in the home and that politics was the domain of men. A small group of suffragists met in Durban in 1911 and formed the Women's Enfranchisement…
Address as Chair of the Non-Aligned Movement at the 9th Session of the Islamic Summit Conferences, Doha, State Of Qatar, 12 November 2000
… Sheik Hamad Bin Khalifa Al Thani, Chairman of the 9th Islamic Summit Conference Your Majesties Your … with which they received us, as well as our gratitude…
Eye of the Needle - Chapter 1 - The Necessity of Utopian Thinking
… From the book: The Eye of the Needle by Richard Turner There are two kinds of "impossibility": the absolute impossibility and the "other things being equal"…
BiographyJeremy Vearey
… ‘informal’ settlement in a large family, with both sets of families.His grandfather and father did all the slaughtering of animals in the area, a skill which…
Thoko Phillip Mamogobo
… a place named Vlakplaas in Ga-Marishane. He was the first of three sons born to Manabeng and Dibetle Johanna Mamogobo. … Manabeng was a farm worker. The…
Speech on the installation of professor Bundy as Vice-Chancellor and Principal, University of the Witwatersrand
… Speech on the installation of professor Bundy as Vice-Chancellor and Principal, University of the Witwatersrand …
"Racial Crisis in South Africa". Address to meeting of Pakistan Institute of International Affairs, March 2, 1961
… "Racial Crisis in South Africa". Address to meeting of Pakistan Institute of International Affairs, March 2, 1961 …
Address by President Thabo Mbeki at the unveiling of the Coat of Arms, 27 April 2000
… Address by President Thabo Mbeki at the unveiling of the Coat of Arms, 27 April 2000 …
Address of the Deputy President of the African National Congress Nelson Mandela, at the European parliament
… Address of the Deputy President of the African National Congress Nelson Mandela, at the …
Report to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of South Africa", Freedom, 5, 4, August-September 1946
… Report to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of South Africa", Freedom, 5, 4, August-September 1946 …
Committee of Action of the Non-European United Front, Non-European United Front, Cape Town (1939)
… Committee of Action of the Non-European United Front, Non-European United Front, …