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ArticleAmersfoort Legacy - History of education in South Africa
The opening moment of education in South Africa coincides with the foundation of the colonial experience at the Cape in 1652. Six years after the Dutch East…
ArticleTowards a people’s culture - Art and Resistance under Apartheid
Art in the state of siegeThe Sharpeville Massacre was one of the most important turning points in the history of South Africa. It triggered a chain of events,…
ArticleHow do we find out about the history of a local area?
Stories and Interviews as oral histories Stories or ‘oral histories’ tells us about the past through the spoken word as told by one generation to the next. It…
ArticleBlack Consciousness: Cultural Expression and Representation
Though first publicized as a respected medium for the liberation struggle in 1967, poetry and literary expression had been popularized throughout the 1950s and…
ArticleA History of South African Literature, timeline 1824-2005
1824 The Glasgow Missionary Society founded the school of Lovedale at Alice in the Tyume valley in 1824. 1877 The first biography ever written…
ArticlePeter Henry Abrahams timeline 1919 - 1985
1919 Peter Abrahams is born in Vrededorp, Johannesburg in March 1919 to an Ethiopian father and a Coloured mother. His father passed away when he was young…
ArticleBiko’s imprisonment, death and the aftermath
In the wake of the urban revolt of 1976 and with prospects of a national revolution becoming apparent, security police detained Biko, the outspoken student…
10 YEARS PROJECT
… regional regrouping as outlined in the recent speeches and writings of Field Marshal Smuts. We hope that the mistakes of …
Submissions by the McGill University students 2012
Ben Forstate Ben Forstate is a U3 Student at McGill University studying Political Science and Geography. He enjoys basketball, reading, writing and…
ArticleHistory Grade 11 - Topic 4 Source-based Questions
QUESTION 1: HOW WAS AFRIKANER NATIONALISM PROMOTED IN SOUTH AFRICA DURING THE 1930s TO 1940s? Study Sources 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D and answer the questions that…
Why General Smuts won on 4 September 1939
F. D. Tothill Even now, almost half a century after it collapsed, any conclusions about the working of Fusion and its chances of long-term success if…
ArticleChanges in modern forms of communication
The Postal system The act of sending letters from one person to another developed soon after the invention of writing, however, the creation of a formal…
ArticleRobert Mcbride timeline
1928 December 26, Derrick John McBride, Robert McBride's father, is born in his parent's home in Rockey Street, Johannesburg. He is the darkest complexioned…
ArticleTransvaal Indian Youth Congress (TIYC)
The Transvaal Indian Youth Congress (TIYC) was formed in Transvaal (now Gauteng) as the youth wing of the Transvaal Indian Congress (TIC) in 1945. Its…
ArticleAfrica Timeline
… the earliest forms of literacy in the world, hieroglyphic writings of ancient Egypt are invented. 3000 BC – 2000 BC …
ArticleThe Mfecane: Understanding a Period of Transformation in Southern Africa
The Mfecane - known as the Difaqane or Lifaqane in Sesotho - was a period of profound political, social, and demographic transformation in southern Africa…
Zarina Maharaj Biography by Sarah Rahimi
This article was written by Sarah Rahimi and forms part of the SAHO and Southern Methodist University partnership project Zarina Maharaj Biography …
ArticleThe ANC’s MK Special Ops Unit Material - Yunus Carrim Collection - 6 November 2025
The ANC’s MK Special Ops Unit Material Yunus Carrim Collection 06 November 2025 What is this about? The material in this collection was used to put together…
ArticleIndenture: A new system of slavery?
… Polak to illustrate that on many occasions throughout his writings, one is under the impression that he has taken the …
ArticleGrade 5 - Term 2: The first farmers in Southern Africa
The first farmers in southern Africa were Bantu-speakers and archaeology shows that they entered southern Africa between 2 000 and 1 700 years ago This topic…
ArticleThe History of Education: 1658 to present
… leading Black Consciousness activists and artists whose writings and plays played a major role in inspiring the …
Article2016 in Review
In 2016 South Africa History Online celebrates 15 years of being a public open source heritage site. What a journey it has been. At the end of the first week…
ArticleRand Rebellion 1922
The Rand Rebellion of 1922 was an armed uprising that is also referred to as the Rand Revolt or Red Revolt. It occurred during a period of economic depression…
ArticleInsurrections Ensemble
Can you create music that can find a home on both sides of the Indian Ocean beyond the cliché of “fusion”? Are Indian forms compatible with their African…
ArticleHistory of Women in Prisons during Apartheid
This article was written by Justin Lawler and forms part of the SAHO and Southern Methodist University partnership project During the times of apartheid,…
ArticleHistory Grade 10 - Topic 3 Essay Questions
Causes of the French Revolution Based on the 2012 Grade 10 NSC Exemplar Paper: Grade 10 Past Exam Paper Grade 10 Source Addendum Grade 10 Past…
ArticleThe Anti-Apartheid Movement Abroad 1906 - 1990
1906 The African National Congress (ANC) sends a delegation to the UK in response to the implementation of new land laws in the Orange Free State, which had…
ArticleBlack Community Programmes (BCP)
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, after the banning of the ANC and PAC, the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) resuscitated the anti-apartheid struggle in…
ArticleNatal Workers’ Theatre in the 1980s
Introduction Starting in the late 1970’s and reaching its height in the 1980’s, the South African province of Natal (now known as KwaZulu Natal – KZN) saw a…
ArticleGrade 11 Topic 3 – Source-Based Questions
An image showing the persecution of German Jews after the Nazi took powerImage Source Source 3A The source below shows how the Nuremberg laws affected…