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ArticleDefiance Campaign 1952
… programme, which included the enactment of new apartheid laws, as well as the stricter application of existing discriminatory legislation such as the Pass…
ArticlePopular struggles in the early years of Apartheid, 1948-1960
… bus, train and tram fares, intensified enforcement of pass laws, rigorous enforcement of liquor laws and increased … Railway Station. Another incident…
BiographySefako Mapogo Makgatho
… and undermined Africans in the urban areas, particularly laws relating to their freedom of movement. This approach to … today, but in the 1920s and 1930s a…
BiographyMiriam Makeba
… was a big success in South Africa. To avoid the apartheid laws that divided the public, the musical was often performed …
BiographyJoseph Masobila Mdluli
… 1952, the year of the Campaign for the Defiance of Unjust Laws , inspired by the heroism of the volunteers who defied …
BiographyJonathan Clegg
… could not receive airplay because of censorship. Apartheid laws forbade public performances with people of their …
BiographyVuyisile Mini
… participation in the ‘Campaign of Defiance against Unjust Laws' ( Defiance Campaign ). He intentionally entered railway …
ArticleIndian South Africans: 1924-1948 Legislation and Segregation
… order to legalise, implement and maintain this separation, laws had to be enacted. These laws shaped the political, … The Native Labour Regulation Act of…
Legislation, Dissent, and Violence in Sophiatown under Apartheid
… Abstract This article traces the major segregation laws in South Africa that acted as precedent for the 1954 … find work to leave. This resulted in the…
BiographyMary Elizabeth Davis
Mary Elizabeth Davis was born in Portobello County, Edinburgh, Scotland on 26 December 1858. She was a business person and supporter of women’s causes. Davis…
BiographyThomas Benjamin Davis
Thomas Benjamin Frederick Davis, the son of Thomas Leipold, a fisherman, and Jemima Davis was born in April 1867 in Jersey, Channel Islands, a British Crown…
BiographyLeslie Rubin
The son of a rabbi, Leslie Rubin was born on 5 August 1909 in District Six, Cape Town, Cape Province (now Western Cape), then a multiracial district of the…
BiographyAmbrose Mzimkhulu Makiwane
Ambrose Makiwane was born in 29th of November in1921 near Cala in the Transkei. He attended Clarkebury School and was expelled after participating in a student…
EventBlacks are making bonfires of their “passes” in Johannesburg
… action was the latest gesture of defiance against the pass laws. During the weekend, the suspension of pass laws was announced. Many Natives turned a deaf…
Into the Fifties: Defiance by Norman Levy
… way. The first responses to counter the slew of repressive laws at the beginning of the 1950 were confined to calls for the abolition of the pass laws, the…
ArchiveMinutes of the Black Sash National Conference held at Johannesburg 1984
… regional reports, Advice Offices, Court Monitoring, Pass Laws, curfews, unemployment insurance, pensions, forced removals, civil liberties, immigration laws,…
ArticleConstitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996
… 1960 police opened fire on a crowd demonstrating against pass laws in Sharpeville , Vereeniging. On 2 February 1990 the …
BiographyDan Sleigh
South African novelist and historian Daniel (Dan) Sleigh was born on 3 November 1938, on a farm, Geelbeksfontein, near Langebaan in the Western Cape. He was…
BiographyDavid Hepburn Craighead
David Hepburn Craighead was born on 18 December 1918, in Benoni, in what was known as the Transvaal Province (Gauteng). He was born to parents of English and…
BiographyPauline Podbrey
Pessel Podbrez (name given at birth, later changed to Pauline) was born in Kovna, Lithuania in 1922, the eldest of two children. In 1933, the family immigrated…
BiographyAziz Goolam Hoosein Pahad
Aziz Goolam Hoosein Pahad was born on 25 December 1940, Schweizer Reneke, North West Province, (formerly a part of the old Transvaal Province). In 1959, he…
BiographyNorman “Billy Holiday” Pietersen
Norman Pietersen (also known as Billy Holiday) was born in 1966 in Paarl, Western Cape. In 1982, he was recruited by uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK) veterans and became…
BiographyGladys Thomas
Gladys Thomas born was in 1935 in Salt River, Cape Town. She was adopted by a family in Lakeside, Cape Town in Western Cape as she was an orphan. She grew up…
BiographyDiana Ferrus
Internationally renowned South African poet, writer, and activist for marginalised groups, Diana Ferrus, was born on 29 August 1953 in Worcester, Cape Province…
ArticleCato Manor timeline 1650-2007
… ANC Women's League organizes protests against the proposed pass laws for women. Government instructs the municipality to … miles away meet with stiff…
The armed struggle and state repression of the 1960s
… the ANC and the PAC, the ANC organised a protest against pass laws for 1960. The PAC decided to jump ahead of the ANC … and organised a similar protest for…
ArchivePresidential address presented at the Black Sash National Conference
… Sash National Conference on 31 October 1960, discussing: Pass Laws, wages, state of emergency, Apartheid, human rights, unjust laws, race relations. …
ArticleAfrican National Congress Timeline 1910-1919
… Reverend Abram Mabula. 1911 The Union parliament enacts laws that widen “the racial divide”. This includes the Black … with others organized and participated…
EventState of Emergency follows Sharpeville massacre
… The government proceeded with the introduction of apartheid laws in the 1950s. An example of this was the hated pass law. This forced Black people to carry…
BiographyWendy Heather Woods
… pupil in school, she matriculated with a first-class pass and left home when she was just 16 years old. After …