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Event’Purple rain’ used on women protesters
… to demand that troops, who were permanently stationed in townships because of the state of emergency, pull out of the townships. The police ordered the…
The diary of Maria Tholo - Introducing by Carol Hermer
… land, and furthest away from the city centre are the three townships for Cape Town's black residents. The three townships occupy about 1000 hectares. Langa, …
ArticleAfrican National Congress Timeline 1990-1999
… one against a synagogue. 8 July, Thousands of Alexandra townships residents attended the funeral of activist Meshack … 15 August, Troops are deployed in…
ArticleThe development of Music in South Africa timeline 1600-2004
… They forcibly removed the inhabitants of Sophiatown to townships such as Soweto, outside Johannesburg. Sophiatown … genre of music referred to as 'bubblegum'…
Liberation organisations
… fellow South Africans to quell civil war in the black townships To repress anti-apartheid activities Under the … and black police officers were forced to…
EventAt least 150 people die in clashes between the ANC and IFP
… was a common occurrence in South Africa, with Black townships most affected. The violence took place under the … apartheid government, but soon spread…
The Black Homeland Citizenship Act of 1970
… Bantustans achieve full independence. In addition, urban townships were established to provide a readily available …
ArticleBlack Consciousness Movement (BCM)
… followed by continuous unrest: students and workers in the townships of every province boycotted schools, universities …
In Conclusion: The Decline and Fall of the Tricameral Parliament
… The beginning of a sustained and violent uprising in the townships of the Vaal Triangle in September 1984 – at around …
The Ideology of the Black Consciousness Movement
… Africans, led to a two-year uprising that spread to Black townships across the country. The protests encompassed all …
EventSA President P.W Botha meets with leaders of independent homelands
… was put under extreme pressure as unrest in Black townships escalated. During the year schools in townships around the country had ground to a halt, and …
The diary of Maria Tholo - August 11 - 15 by Carol Hermer
… early in the morning as groups of children all over the townships refused to go into classes and collected in their … him and beat him up. No buses entered…
Chapter 2: The Nature and Character of Vigilantes in Kwazulu-Natal
… It was another issue that the IFP exploited. In urban townships and informal settlements, particular leaders who … the weekend, carloads of "Amabutho" were…
Ernest Cole: Brave photographer who exposed horrors of apartheid from within by Teo Kermeliotis, (cnn.com), 5 January 2015
… his parents wanted to protect him from crime in urban townships. Cole reunited with his parents as a teenager and … meant to be black under apartheid --…
ArticleThe Black Sash: A History of Transformation
… for African Women (CATAPAW), among other organisations and townships. The opening of the first office in cooperation … Sash in 1982 after being exposed to…
ArticleCape Town Timeline 1300-1997
… goes on strike. PAC youth takes control of the Cape Town townships of Langa and Nyanga, setting up roadblocks and distributing food. 30 000 residents of…
PlaceMamelodi
… tribal identities to define people in Mamelodi and other townships around the country. Apartheid divided Mamelodi …
BiographyManiben Sita
Maniben Sita was born on 24 December 1926 in the Asiatic Bazaar, (Marabastad, Pretoria) in Transvaal (now Gauteng), into a highly politically-active family…
Thoko Phillip Mamogobo
Thoko Phillip Mamagobo, popularly known as ‘Thoko’, was born on 6 May 1933 and raised in a village situated about 110km from Polokwane, Northern Transvaal (now…
BiographyNelson Rolihlahla Mandela
… Mqhekezweni. Mandela found temporary lodging in Alexandra townships and communicated to the Regent his regret about …
EventEnforcement of military conscription for all white males in SA
… Angola, Namibia and Mozambique, and were often deployed to townships to quell anti-apartheid action.In 1983, the End … military service. By 1985, the ECC…
Document 50 - Socialist League of Africa , “South Africa: Ten Years of the Stay-at-Home”, International Socialism, 5, Summer 1961
… thousands of workers were needed to man the machines. The townships and locations grew at a fantastic rate, as more and … became a force in the economy. The…
ArticleZion Christian Church (ZCC)
… in more than 4,000 parishes, live primarily in urban townships and rural communities. The church is well known by …
Address to the Nation on Radio Freedom by O. R. Tambo, 22 July 1985
… military and police units have moved to occupy certain townships such as Kwa Thema. People have been murdered by … black urban areas as well as other state…
Address by Oliver Tambo to the Nation on Radio Freedom, 22 July 1985
… military and police units have moved to occupy certain townships such as Kwa Thema. People have been murdered by … black urban areas as well as other state…
ArticleBloemfontein the Segregated city
… Manguang township Mangaung is one of the largest black townships in the Free State and is subdivided into the …
The Polly Street Era
… It became policy to provide a few such facilities in the townships (such as the Mofolo Art Centre in Soweto and the … necessary to establish localised…
ArchiveIntroduction: Mdantsane
… including the history of Mdantsane and other East London townships. …
ArchiveCreating a culture of debate
… Article about political intolerance that has gripped many townships, published in Work in Progress, volume 73, …
ArchiveStrategies of Repression in the State of Emergency
… of Emergency and the counter-revolutionary forces in the townships. …