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America, Spanish conquest
All the content in this America section was developed from 2003 lessons, namely; – America in the 1500s – The Slave TradeThe content below has been modified…
Biography of Hugh Masekela by Fardin Rahman
Hugh Masekela is recognized as one of the most famous and influential musicians of all time from South Africa due to his role in spreading awareness about his…
ArticleAlbertina Sisulu Timeline 1918 - 2011
1918 21 October Nontsikelelo Thethiwe was born in the village Camama in the Tsomo district of the Transkei to a very large family. Circa 1926 Albertina…
ArticleDr Alfred Bitini Xuma Timeline 1893-1998
1893 Alfred Bitini Xuma is born, the seventh child born of Abraham and Elizabeth Xuma, an aristocratic Xhosa family living in Manzana Village in the Engcobo…
ArticleSonghai, African Empire, 15-16th Century
Overview, West Africa and the rise of the Songhai Empire West Africa is home to many of Africa's oldest kingdoms. These kingdoms played an important role in…
Armed struggle & the advancement of the student and labour movements, 1967-1976
Introduction MK Sabotage. This photograph was part of a sequence shot by a Rand Daily Mail photographer, two of which were published in the and Daily Mail of…
Ramifications of South Africa’s Dop System by Alexandra Larkin
This article was written by Alexandra Larkin and forms part of the SAHO and Southern Methodist University partnership project Abstract This essay sheds…
ArticleSouth Africa before and in the build up to 1899
A number of interrelated factors led to the South African War. The factors that have been covered in the text below include; the conflicting political…
ArticleLetters: Albertina Sisulu
Letters between Albertina and Walter Sisulu during his incarceration on Robben Island: A South African Love Story This remarkable love story spanning more…
ArticleLand Restitution in South Africa since 1994
Land restitution is one of the key issues since South Africa achieved democracy in 1994 and as such an overview of what has been achieved since the…
ArticleTimeline of the Bulhoek Massacre
1868 Enoch Mgijima is born at Bulhoek, Eastern Cape, the son of Jonas Mayekiso Mgijima. 1907 19 April, Enoch Mgijima, who had already gained quite a…
ArticleAnti-South African Indian Council (SAIC) Campaign
South African Indian Council (SAIC) In 1961, Indians were officially recognised as a permanent part of the South African population and the Department of…
ArticleCosatu timeline
2010 19 January: (Congress of South African Trade Unions) COSATU affiliate The Food and Allied Workers' Union (FAWU) entered their third week of striking…
ArticleThe Conflict between the AZAPO and the UDF - popular violence in the 1980s and 1990s
Popular violence in the decade between 1984 and 1993 is well documented. Existing literature on this brutally violent chapter in the history of the liberation…
ArticleHistory of the Rape Crisis Trust in Cape Town
International feminism was a catalyst for South African feminist organisation to address violence against women. In 1975, Anne Mayne, a survivor of both…
ArticleEarly African Civilisations: Ancient Egypt, Nubia and Swahili
Ancient Egypt The ancient Egyptian civilisation grew for thousands of years intact because the Nile River Valley and Mediterranean and Red Sea border kept…
ArticleSecond Anglo-Boer War - 1899 - 1902
'South African War ( a.k.a. the Anglo-Boer War) remains the most terrible and destructive modern armed conflict in South Africa’s history. It was an event that…
ArticlePass Laws and Sharpeville Massacre
Pass laws in South Africa were met with fierce resistance during the 20th century. But earlier forms of passes, had in fact been used in various instances…
Prehistory of the Rustenburg area
Prehistory of the Region Pre-history of Southern Africa Africans who worked with copper and iron inhabited the area between 350AD to 600AD. Linguistic and…
Historical Overview of Black Resistance, 1932-1952 - The Congress of the People and Freedom Charter Campaign by Ismail Vadi, New Delhi, 1995
Contents Economic Development and the Expansion of the African Working Class The Quiescence of Political Organisation in the 1930s Mass Spontaneity and the…
Chapter Five - The Fighter for Black Unity: 1935 - 1945
From the book: Johnny Gomas Voice of the working class: A political Biography by Doreen Musson The decade after 1935 can quite justifiably be called a…
2007 ANC National Policy Conference: Report of the Commission on Organisational Renewal, 30 June 2007, Gallagher Estate
Introduction 1. From the debates in the commissions, it is clear that we all regard Organisation as a critically important area of discussion. The amount of…
Let them Speak - Slave Stamouers of South Africa by André van Rensburg
The early Cape was settled not only by ex-VOC workers who became free burghers and the Huguenots but also by slaves who lost their freedom and was brought to…
Address delivered at The 9th COSATU Congress, 18 September 2006, Gallagher Estate, Midrand
The President of Cosatu, Comrade Willie Madisha, General Secretary, Comrade Zwelinzima Vavi and all members of the Central Executive Committee, The Secretary…
ArchiveChapter 6 Underground in Joburg by Denis Goldberg
In the early 1960s, following the sharpeville massacre and the state of emergency, there were more than 100 sabotage attacks across the country. The government…
Address to the Joint Session of the houses of Congress of the U.S.A. Washington, D.C., June 26, 1990
Mr. Speaker, Mr. President; Esteemed Members of the United States Congress; Your Excellencies, Ambassadors and Members of the Diplomatic Corps; …
Address of the President of South Africa, Thabo Mbeki, at the Commemoration of the 50th Anniversary of 1956 Women’s March: Union Buildings, Tshwane, 9 August 2006
Programme Directors, Ntombazana Botha and Barbara Creecy, Deputy President of the Republic of South Africa, Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, Your Excellency, Vice…
Restrictions on the media
A reflection on journalism There is nothing, amid South Africa's vast censorship apparatus, preventing the country's media from publishing the information…
The Rorke’s Drift Art and Craft Centre
As the Polly Street Art Center drew to a close so Rorke's Drift was established. Polly Street was urban, Rorke's Drift rural. If Polly Street attempted a…
PlaceManenberg, Cape Flats
Manenberg is a Township of Cape Town, South Africa, that was created by the Apartheid government, for low-income Coloured families in the Cape Flats and…