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Article1960-1966: The genesis of the armed struggle
… National Congress (ANC) and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) becoming the first causalities in an era of banishment. Forced underground, the ANC, PAC and…
EventFreedom Day is celebrated in South Africa
… African Communist Party (SACP), Pan African Congress (PAC) and other organisations were later unbanned on 2 February 1990, and a non-racial constitution was…
EventSouth Africa’s first democratic elections
… the way towards a new democratic dispensation and a new constitution for the country. For the first time all races in … %, Democratic Party (DP) 1.7 %, Pan…
ArticleAfrican National Congress Youth League (ANCYL)
… document would eventually become the basis of a democratic constitution hailed as one of the most progressive in the … broke away in 1959 to form the Pan…
South African Youth Revolutionary Council (SAYRCO)
… National Congress (ANC) and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) . This has been confirmed by some student leaders who … event. Other student leaders were…
BiographyLivingstone Mqotsi
Livingstone Mqotsi (Livie) was born in the village of Rabula in the Keiskammahoek district in the former Ciskei, now Eastern Cape, on 18 April 1921. Mqotsi…
EventSouth Africa's first democratic elections
… the way towards a new democratic dispensation and a new constitution for the country. For the first time all races in … %, Democratic Party (DP) 1.7 %, Pan…
ArticleThe African Students Association (ASA)
… the ANC in April 1960. In 1962, a Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) connected student movement; the African Students Union … as student wings of the national…
EventANC Constitutional proposals are disclosed
… The ANC recognised that even after the adoption of a new constitution, there may still be a need for establishing a … The Democratic Party (DP), the Pan…
EventBishop Tutu receives Martin Luther King Award
… save a suspected informer from a murderous mob. When a new constitution was proposed for South Africa in 1983 to defend … Consciousness groups and the Pan…
ArticleBlack Consciousness Movement of Azania (BCMA)
… join liberation organisations (primarily the ANC and the PAC) based in Southern Africa. The Context: Funding and the … the BC activists and their…
EventCODESA II Talks end in deadlock
… Organisation (AZAPO) and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). The first sitting of CODESA laid an important … could not reach agreement on an interim…
ArticleGrade 9 - Term 4: Turning points in modern South African History since 1948
… breakaway group from the ANC, the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) held its first conference in Johannesburg . At this conference, it was announced that the PAC…
Johannesburg Timeline 1800-1991
… suburb near Vereeniging are massacred by police during a PAC (Pan African Congress) protest meeting. The Tomlinson … A nationwide State of Emergency declared…
BiographySimon Nkoli
… of LGBTQI+ people were included in South Africa’s new constitution. Through his activism, Nkoli led South Africa to …
BiographyChris Hani
… to death. In a peculiar twist, the new government (and constitution) they had actively fought against, caused in …
Article1970s: Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa
… government Prime Ministers were: The government changed in constitution from 1979 under the next Prime Minister, P.W. … and broke away to form the Pan…
BiographyLouis Botha
… at the Wanderers, Johannesburg, to oppose the Lyttelton Constitution. Here, they protested against Chinese labour, … deliberations of the National Convention…
ArticleThe International Defence and Aid Fund (IDAF)
… Massacre took place when the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) organised a protest against apartheid laws, and Defence … prisoners in South Africa. With the…
ArticleSharpeville Timeline
… General Rademeyer, that the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), which is a breakaway group from the ANC, will be … to the members of the organization. 18 March…
ArticlePass Laws and Sharpeville Massacre
… pass laws Planning the 1960 anti-pass campaigns: ANC and PAC At the annual conference of the African National Congress … group from the ANC, formed the Pan…
The Democratic Party (DP)
… stand on constitutional reform, calling for an entrenched Constitution incorporating a Bill of Rights, for an independent judiciary and for a federal…
ArticleCelebrating Freedom and Democracy
… The relationship between our Constitution and other laws The Constitution is a law passed by Parliament and it is the … or ethnic groups. All these laws have…
Other organisations related to the ANC
… Party of South Africa (CPSA) Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) South African Indian Congress (SAIC) Natal Indian …
BiographyReverend Allan Aubrey Boesak
… `million signature' petition against the South African constitution of 1983, which introduced the Tricameral …
BiographySunny Girja Singh
… a Democratic South Africa (Codesa) talks, where the new constitution for a democratic South Africa was being forged. …
BiographyDr Abdullah Abdurahman
… vindication of Abdurahman's political legacy that the constitution of the ‘new' South Africa is founded on …
ArticleRivonia Trial 1963 - 1964
… legal system that would embody the values of a non-racial constitution that protected human rights. The Trial 1963-1964 … National Congress (ANC) and the Pan…
Historical Background of the Constitutional Court
… was established in 1994 by South Africa's first democratic constitution - the interim constitution of 1993. The Court, the key institution of our … democracy…
ArticleStates of Emergency in South Africa: the 1960s and 1980s
… What began as a peaceful march by Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC) supporters to the police station – in protest against … Act on 7 April 1960, which banned…