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ArticleSophiatown Timeline
… Governor-General. 1920s Non-whites move into the freehold townships of Sophiatown, Martindale and Newclare. Poor whites move into the lower-income townships…
ArticleAfrican National Congress Timeline 1980-1989
… the Mass Democratic Movement (MDM) particularly in the townships, increasing military attacks and the imposition of … the Worker’. Massive national school…
EventThe Transvaal Indian Congress takes a stand on Fietas removals
… Township and the Southern part of Claremont to 'Coloured' townships, and the removal of residents to Orlando. It also …
Imvaba Arts Association
… with artists in New Brighton, Kwazakhele and Motherwell townships of Port Elizabeth. It was a community organisation …
Beerhalls in Soweto from Soweto Heritage Survey Final Report compiled by Steven Lebelo and Elsabe Brink for the National Monuments Council, Northern Region
… the waves of political turmoil in Johannesburg's African townships. The Johannesburg City Council JCC) opened a … beerhalls were established in Johannesburg…
ArticleSophiatown in Literature
An Invaluable Historical Source The literature on "life in Sophiatown" by a generation of prose writers, novelists, playwrights and poets is recognized as…
BiographyHoratio (Bud) Isaiah Mbelle
Horatio Isaiah Budlwana (Bud) Mbelle was born in Burgersdorp, Cape Colony on 24 June 1870. He grew up in the Herschel district in the Eastern Cape where Sotho…
Mme Makwena Matlala
The Native Affairs Department (NAD) report for 1949-50 noted that ‘in the Matlala Location [Matlala's Location, Pietersburg District, Transvaal (now Polokwane,…
BiographyTopsy Madaka
Topsy Madaka was born in Gratten, New Brighton, Port Elizabeth in 1954. He was the son of Nontsikelelo and Mongameli Madaka who, both passed away in 1990. In…
BiographyJohnson Phillip Mlambo
Johnson Mlambo was born in Johannesburg on 22 February 1940. He did his secondary school education at Kilnerton. After completing his studies, he worked at…
BiographyMoses Mauane Kotane
Moses Mauane Kotane was born at Tamposstad in the Rustenburg district of the western Transvaal on 9th of August in 1905, Kotane came from a devoutly Christian…
ArchiveCHAPTER 8 - Leading from behind Virtue and necessity, April 1984-June 1985 by Howard Barrell
… and economic demands of the Freedom Charter. In African townships, state policy sought to shift the financial burden … new, organisations, particularly of…
ArticleMusic and culture as forms of resistance
… Gramophones, the introduction of American jazz to the townships and the start of radio were also important to the …
Reflections on the 1973 Durban strikes by Steven Freedman
… hostels in the Western Cape and erected shacks in the townships helped to end the pass laws which barred black … And, as the last battle of the apartheid era…
Growth of African Nationalism and Defiance
… in February 1943. Civic politics in Langa and other townships forged a closer relationship with political … against the apartheid government in Cape Town…
BiographyFholisani Sydney Mufamadi
Sydney Mufamadi was born on 28 February 1959 in Alexandra Township, Johannesburg. Mufamadi is the eldest of the four children of Masindi and Reuben, who are…
BiographyMadimetja Lawrence Phokanoka
Madimetja Lawrence Phokanoka was born on 10 June 1938 in Raphahla Village in Sekhukhuneland, in the Middelburg District. His father, Jacob Marwale Phokanoka…
BiographyElizabeth Mafekeng
Elizabeth Mafekeng was born in 1918 in Tarkastad and attended school until Standard 7. Living conditions in her birthplace forced her to leave for Paarl in…
BiographyJohn Kgwana Nkadimeng
John Kgwana Nkadimeng was born in Sekhukhuniland in the rural eastern Transvaal in 1925 and after completing primary school he worked as a domestic worker in…
BiographyReverend Mcebisi Osman Xundu
The Reverend Mcebisi Osman Xundu was born on the 11 June 1934, at Engcobo, Transkei, one of seven children of Regina and Amos Xundu. He attended the local…
ArticleState of Emergency - 1985
… by the increasingly ‘ungovernable’ nature of the Black townships and radical Black nationalists throughout the … was not effective in ‘governing the…
BiographyAdelaine Florence Hain
… of apartheid, fighting for civil rights. In local black townships like Atteridgeville, Lady Selborne and Mamelodi, …
BiographyGovin Reddy
Govindasamy Reddy (Govin Reddy) was born on 16 June 1943 in Kranskloof, a farming area next to Claremont on the outskirts of Durban, Natal (now known as…
Poqo political trials and the execution of its operatives in the 1960s
… considered to be agents of the apartheid state. In the townships these were policemen and local government officials … in the early 1960s struck fear,…
Article1970’s: Poetry Timeline
… the gap between the Writers and artists Guild and the townships. It organised readings and performances in many …
ArticleNational Youth Uprising
… aware of the extra police patrols that were set up in the townships following June 16. After the first shootings in …
EventBanyana Banyana player, Eudy Simelane, is found raped and murdered
… is a common threat to black lesbian women in South African townships, the idea being that raping a lesbian woman will …
BiographyRobert Sobukwe
Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe was born to Hubert and Angelina Sobukwe on 5 December 1924 at Graaff-Reinet, Cape Province. He was the youngest of five boys and one…
ArticleAlbertina Sisulu and the organisations she was connected to
… fight in any way they could. She wanted the women of the townships to become more politically aware and active. In … were organised with regular weekend…
Soweto forty years on: The Black student rebellion of 1976 by Professor Noor Nieftagodien
… building political cells and networks began to unfold in townships across the country. The first cells were small, … state violence, first in the streets of…