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Chapter Six - The Fighter in Turmoil: 1946 - 1960
… expansion was dependent upon increased employment of black labour was seen from the fact that black employment increased by 70 percent compared with 20 … in…
ArticlePaper abstracts and biographies of speakers
… writing and education, studying music, as the vanguard of consciousness, in southern African liberation history, … with the largely silenced archive of…
ArchiveDavid Koloane fought for the right to define himself – and his art by Ruth Simbao, 24 July 2019
… Koloane was deeply influenced by Steve Biko and the Black Consciousness movement. It was important, he suggested, “to … in his own writing: We were expected…
ArchiveChapter 7 - Planning for people's war `Blow on the embers and it will catch alight', January 1983 - March 1984 by Howard Barrell
… able to draw in the churches, even the Azapos and other black consciousness organisations like Cusa Footnote ...and a … into the front, they failed to…
ArchiveJakes Gerwel: The epitome of integrity and courage by Niren Tolsi, 30 November 2012
… it to be into a vibrant intellectual centre for the black left in South Africa. O'Connell said Gerwel attracted … Jakes Gerwel the man he was: South Africa…
The National Question in Post 1994 South Africa. A discussion paper in preparation for the ANC`s 50th National Conference by Z. Pallo Jordan
… held the view that the contradiction between the colonised Black majority (Africans, Coloureds and Indians) and the … It was a system of White minority rule…
ArchiveDeborah Matshoba’s fight against Apartheid by Alec Russo
… police harassment were just the least of what an average black citizen faced. In the in the long struggle of … Act. Under Apartheid, the…
Interview with Oliver Tambo to New African, 05 January 1980, London
… It has, therefore, always been important that the black workers who keep this economy going should use the … - are a confirmation of the readiness of the…
Unity in Action Decisive - O. R. Tambo Interviewed to New African, London, 1980
… It has, therefore, always been important that the black workers who keep this economy going should use the … - are a confirmation of the readiness of the…
I - Introduction
… on these other deaths. The rest of the world seldom knows black leaders, even those well known to black people within South Africa. They have no means of ……
EventCI and SACC offices are raided
… two religious formations considered to have links with the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) were raided by security police. …
ArticleWorld War I and the South African Native Labour Contingent
… by me from the French. (Grundlingh: 1987:41) Some 35 000 Black South Africans had already served as part of a labour … :100). A number of measures were taken…
Re-Emergence of Congress Activity 1980s
… By 1980, the Black Consciousness organisations were in a gradual decline and … to Pretoria, Eldorado Park and Lenasia, among many other Black schools…
74. The Freedom Charter, 1955
… Freedom Charter embodying the hopes and aspirations of the black people. The aim of the Congress was to publicise the Freedom Charter and thus awaken…
Chapter 10 - Sharpeville and its aftermath
… for 31 March. [56] Nevertheless the desperate thirst of black working people for a lead in action produced a response … it had been demonstrated that the…
ArticleGrade 9 - Term 3: Turning points in South African History, 1960, 1976 and 1990
… by Cecil John Rhodes), which the dominating notion that Black labour was cheaper to use in mines and on farms. It is … economic impoverishment and exclusion…
Citation for Saleem Badat by Professor Paul Maylam, 10 April 2015, Rhodes University
… at considerable personal cost. At first aligned to the black consciousness movement, but soon deciding to work for the … about 5900 in 2006 to almost 7500 in…
Early Beginnings
… It is equally necessary to say 'natives unite; unite as black men to free yourselves from slavery' . The demands of … that there were tactical reasons…
Eye of the Needle - Chapter 8 - The Impracticality of Realism
… all other things will remain equal: that the change in consciousness that would replace competing egotists by … consumes far more of the country's resources…
Newspaper article taken from the City Press in 2002: Student Politics under Apartheid
… graduates. SASO, formed in 1968, gave birth to the Black Consciousness (BC) movement in South Africa. It was the key actor within the BC movement,…
ArticleSouth Africa’s Foreign Relations during Apartheid, 1948
… seemed uncertain. In April 1969 fourteen independent black states from Central and East Africa met in Zambia to … position of independent African states. It…
“Exodus without a map”: What happened to the Durban moment? by Edward Webster
… were low, and the apartheid system was built on cheap black labour. But as it is often said, surveys usually … to Steve Bantu Biko and his emerging…
Indian Community in Lenasia
… by more radical anti-apartheid elements, such as the Black Consciousness activists and some Congress-aligned figures. … his honour, and hundreds attended…
ArchiveCHAPTER SEVEN: Resistance Politics In Retreat: Cablism, The ANC Underground And Gandhi, 1985-1989 by Kumi Naidoo
This chapter comes from the book
From the 1973 Durban strikes to the Marikana massacre and De Doorns conflict: How trade unions acquired their power and what has gone wrong with employment relations in South Africa subsequently by Johann Maree
… they faced. Straight after the strikes, when worker consciousness was high and workers realised the need to … in 1986. Its political orientation was Pan…
Chapter 6 - Reform, Repression and Mass Resistance
… restructuring of the previous terms of domination of the black population, economic recession, the political offensive … from its inception SANSCO defined…
Johannesburg Timeline 1800-1991
… criticizes the living conditions that Johannesburg's Black citizens are forced to live under. 1906 Pass Laws for … Commission criticizes living conditions of…
Document 48 - Lenin Club, Draft Thesis: The Native Question (Majority) (1934)
… 44-hour week. Because of this intense exploitation of the black workers, the exploitation of the white workers is … workers to side with the employers in the…
Working Life - Factories, Township and Popular Culture 1886 - 1940 - Themes to Think About
… shows how ‘locations’ were eventually developed for a black urban working class. So the nature of production on the … countries such as Britain. Most people,…
ArticleRemembering and Celebrating South Africa’s Iconic LGBTQI+ Women
… on contemporary political and cultural issues that affect black people in Africa and its diaspora. …