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… On 25 January 1980 three MK Cadres – Stephen Mafoko, Humphrey Makhubo and Wilfred Madela – were allegedly on their way to carry out a planned MK sabotage mission on petrol depots at Watloo near Mamelodi. En route, ‘the …

… On 3 March 1999, the President of the Republic of South … that the second non-racial general elections would be held on 2 June 1999. According to the terms of the Constitution, … a great deal in the past four years. It had embarked on a broad reform of financial policy and it had enunciated a …

… On 17 June 1992 the Joe Slovo Informal settlement in … and Chief Mangosutho Buthelezi .    After the massacre, on 18 June 1992, Joe Slovo and Cyril Ramaphosa visited … Klerk and the police of complicity in the massacre. Then on the 19 June, religious figures Bishop Desmond Tutu and …

… of imperialism and republicanism, the discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand, tension between political leaders, the … the ‘ First Anglo-Boer War ’ 1880-1881 in SAHO’s feature on the topic. Conflicting political ideology After the First … block for the British Empire. The discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand Gold had been mined since the early …

… and G.C. Kapitans were also well known restaurants. Later on came Victory Lounge. It was here in the Grey Street area … was opened by Ranchod Kesur Kapitan in around 1924/25 on the corner of Grey Street and Victoria Street. Ranchod’s … building at 189 Grey Street. Ranchod Kesur Kapitan went on to open a branch of the restaurant in Johannesburg. …

… route to India. 1497 Vasco da Gama is mandated to expand on Dias' discoveries. Da Gama departs from Targus on 8 July 1497, heading an expedition consisting of two … São Gabriel . They sail along the southern African coast on the way to India. They put foot on South African soil for …

… that the organisation had been taking too soft a position on action, Sobukwe called for the conference to give the … their leaders hired lawyers, paid fines, and went free on bail. Dr. Moroka's embarrassing attempts to obtain … to shake the government, in some respects, and put it on the defensive. Momentum had begun to gather …

… each sentenced to a term of imprisonment and 25 lashes. On 20 January a white farmer from Camperdown was murdered … to pay their taxes. Another incident occurred on 7 February in the Mgeni district, where a small group of … the magistrate and police were dispatched to investigate. On 8 February, two police officers were killed trying to …

… 1986, when the African National Congress (ANC) called on South Africans to make the country ungovernable. A State … property. Some black people died from so-called black-on-black violence, and many others were killed by police … view, open space and interaction with other prisoners as on Robben Island, but were allowed some newspapers and visits …

… when the French aristocrat Pierre de Coubertin arrived on the scene in the last decade of the 19th century that the … Expo held in Paris during 1900. The Games began on 20 May 1900 and only finished five months later on 28 October 1900.   Although Transvaal had an impressive …

… if the women went to prison as a result of protesting. On the first day of the new Campaign, Gandhi, together with … to deport them. The police took the group to a bridge on the border between Natal and the Transvaal and pushed the … into the Transvaal, where, this time, they were arrested. On 23 September they were tried and sentenced to three …

… accepted in the homelands. Opposition came from two sides. On the one hand, there were the people of the African … for representation in the country's central government. On the other hand, there were the rural crop and stock … in some homelands, in arson, violence and murder. On 6 June, 1960, at Nguza Kop in Pondo-land, the police fired …

… On 14 July 1789 hundreds of French city workers stormed the … the ruling order to force change. In this topic we focus on what the conditions in France were like before the … of the revolution, and the rise of Napoleon. Our focus is on how the foundations of modern democracy were established …

… "On Language South Africa is a land of many languages, but … but it is our policy not to exclude any material on the basis of language. SPARK is put together by an … " - Original description from the publication Contents and On Language Culture and the national struggle by D.Dingiswayo …

… of Migration (IOM)- 'Back and Forth' group exhibition on Informal cross-border trade in the SADEC region 2006. … exhibition- Museum Africa. Production collaboration on a project called Locating 2010 on soccer, with blacklinesonwhitepaper architecture & urban …

… areas, political systems were smaller and weaker, relying on agreements between people at village level. As in 16th … kingdoms of Mali, Songhay, Benin and the Asante, all built on wealth from mining gold. In spite of the evidence, … for plantations. A picture depicting the slave quarters on the McLeod Plantation in Charleston. Image source The …

… Indentured Labourers There is an indentured labour gallery on the SAHO site, webteam please select an image from there … slaves, in 1684. A conservative calculation based strictly on records shows over 16 300 slaves from the Indian … Indians were to work for the Natal colonial government on Natal's sugar plantations. The 'free' Indians came to …

… African Students (COSAS), whose leaders visited the areas on various occasions. When the Middelburg and Witbank areas … (Seyco).  It held its first significant meeting on New Year’s Eve 1985, the students singing and chanting … marched to Masha, where the police responded by firing on them. A disabled boy, Solomon Maditsi, was killed, and a …

… Schuur Minute . 2. The final report of the Working Group on political offences dated 21 May 1990, as amended, was … governmental or otherwise, who committed offences on the assumption that a particular cause was being served or … which can be dealt with administratively will start on 1 September 1990. ÁƒÂ¢Á¢Â‚¢ Indemnity which can be …

… capitalist classes and large working classes. Russia on the other hand was much more underdeveloped than countries … Russia at the time. They lived in rural areas and worked on the land owned by landlords. Both the working class and … of the February Revolution The February Revolution began on the morning of Thursday the 23rd on International Working …

… Bond in 1883. The movement began to become active on cultural issues soon after it emerged, making demands for … Boeren Beschermings Vereeniging (BBV) Hofmeyr capitalised on the spontaneous awakening of Afrikaner farmers to the need … Cape government of Gordon Sprigg imposed an excise duty on Cape producers of brandy to raise money for the …

… as pastures for their cattle. When European ships landed on the shores of Table Bay they came into contact with … outpost. The outpost was intended to supply VOC ships on their way to Asia with fresh fruits, vegetables, meat and … from India to the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea and eventually on to overland trade routes that led to Europe. European …

… Ambulance Corps was formed in Natal, was and became active on the British side during the early months of the war. … played an indispensable part in military operations. On the Boer side Republican law forbade the carrying of arms … number of whites to serve actively in war operations on both sides. According to the law of the Republics, all …

… detailed discussions to take place between the two groups on strategy and tactics. The ANC highlighted the way forward … Gauteng) and other areas. The UDF did not involve itself on the local level, but focused on linking groups, conscientising people, increasing local …

… and digital archivists as the organization has embarked on several major projects. To achieve this, SAHO secured … pursuing a structured Masters of History, with interest on the South African liberation struggle and the history of … in 2008 which she graduated Suma Cum Laude. She then went on to do her Honours degree in history for which she …

… Port Natal Andries Pretorius arrived from Graaff-Reinet. On 25 November 1838 Pretorius took over leadership as … Voortrekkers and started to prepare a retaliatory attack on the Zulu. On Sunday, 9th December, Pretorius and his followers made a …

… apartheid. The South African government needed to rely on the external community for certain products and as a … against communism, and South African propaganda focused on this Western fear. The country was also of strategic … form of racism. South Africa’s racial polices were placed on the agenda of the first meeting of the United Nations by …

… Workers are also allowed by legislation to embark on strikes when disputes with their employers arise. As often … in their wages, often twice what they are earning. On 23 January 2014, almost 70 000 platinum mine workers went on strike. The majority of workers were from major platinum …

… Port Natal, which was later to become Durban. They arrived on the SS Truro. Records show that 342 indentured Indians … group of indentured labourers arrive. 24 people died on the journey from suspected cholera. Badshah Peer, a member … Surgeon and medical officer for the Alexandra county on the south coast, returns to England. The brick and mortar …

… more of a threat to peace and prosperity in South Africa. On 11 December 1878, under the flimsy pretext of a few minor … invasion of Zululand began after the ultimatum had expired on *10 January 1879 (see insert note). Instead of fragmenting … as many sources say that the ultimatum actually expired on the 11 January 1879. Under the overall command of Lord …